The syllabi for different subjects for Banastahli Ph.D. Entrance Test (RET) - Doctoral Research

The syllabi for different subjects for Banastahli Ph.D. Entrance Test (RET)

(including their research aptitude components) is given below.

Please refer to the appropriate syllabus related to your proposed research area

COMPUTER SCIENCE

Research Aptitude Test:

Logical Reasoning

Classification, Coding decoding, Statement and Conclusion, Alphabet Test, Statement and Course of Action, Syllogism, Analogy, Puzzle Test, Ranking Test, Blood Relation, Direction & Sense Test, Clock, Eligibility Test, Statement and Assumption, One Word Substitution, Logical Sequence of Word, Calendar, Premise, Seating Arrangements, Settheory, network diagrams, Venn diagrams, Rows, Quantitative reasoning, Critical reasoning.

Data Interpretation

Caselets, Column Graphs, Bar Graph, Venn Diagrams, Line Charts, Pie Chart. Data analysis and data comparison.

Mathematical Reasoning

Types of reasoning, Number series, Letter series, Codes and Relationships, Mathematical Aptitude: Fraction, Time & Distance, Ratio, Proportion and Percentage, Profit and Loss, Interest and Discounting, Averages.

Reading Comprehension

Vocabulary and Text Comprehension.A passage which the candidates are required to read and answer the set of questions.

Research Methodology

Research: Meaning, Characteristics and Types, Positivism and Post-positivistic Approach to ResearchMethods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative and Quantitative methods.Steps of Research, Thesis and Article Writing: Format and Styles of Referencing, Application of ICT in Research, Research Ethics

Subject:

UNIT-I

Discrete Mathematics

1.1 Set theory, Functions, Relations, Permutations and Combinations, Pigeon-hole principle.

1.2 Generating functions, Recurrence relations, Linear recurrence relations with constant coefficients, Homogenous solutions, Particular solutions, Total solutions, Solution by the method of generating functions.

1.3 Graph Theory: Basic terminology, Multigraphs and weighted graphs, Paths and circuits, Shortest paths in weighted graphs, Euclidian paths and circuits, Hamiltonian paths and circuits, Planar graphs, Trees and rooted trees, Minimal spanning trees, Cut sets, Directed graphs.

1.4 Mathematical Logic: Propositions, Connectives, Conditionals, Well formed formulas, Tautologies, Equivalence of formulas, Duality law, Normal forms, Inference theory for propositional calculus; Predicate calculus: predicates, free and bound variables, Inference theory of predicate calculus, Lattices and boolean algebra.

Numerical Computing

1.5 Solution to Transcendental and Polynomial Equations: Iterative methods, Bisection method, Secant method, Newton-Raphson method, Fixed point iteration, methods for finding complex roots. Matrices and Linear System of Equations: LU decomposition method for solving systems of equations, Symmetric positive definite matrices and least square approximation, Iterative algorithms for linear equations.

1.6 Interpolation: Polynomial interpolation, Newton-Gregory, Lagrange's interpolation formula, Newton's divided differences interpolation formulae. Curve fitting: Fitting linear and non-linear curves, Least square approximation.

1.7 Numerical Differentiation and Integration: Numerical differentiation and errors in numerical differentiation, Newton-Cotes formulae, Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rule, Gaussian integration.

Modeling and Simulation

1.8 Probability: Basic concepts & definitions (Classical & Axiomatic definition), Random variable, Probability density function, Systems and environment: Concept of model and model building, Model classification and representation, Use of simulation as a tool, Steps in simulation study.

1.9 Various discrete and continuous probability distributions: Uniform (continuous and discrete), Binomial, Negative Binomial, Poisson, Exponential, Erlang, , t-distribution and F-distribution, Bivariate normal distribution (Marginal and Conditional distributions), Central Limit Theorem, Simple random sampling with and without replacement.

1.10 Random Numbers: Properties of random numbers, Generation of pseudo random numbers, Techniques of random number generation: Multiplicative congruential, Linear congruential generators, Tests for randomness, Random variate generation using inverse transformation, direct transformation, Convolution method, Acceptance-rejection technique. Queuing & Inventory Models: Characteristics of queuing systems, Notation, Simulation of queueing and inventory systems.

UNIT-II

Data Structures

2.1 Arrays, Stacks and Queues: Representation of Array (Single & Multi Dimensional Arrays), Representation of Stacks & Queues using Arrays and their Operations, Circular Queues, Conversion from Infix to Postfix and Evaluation of Postfix expressions using Stack.

2.2 Linked List: Singly linked list, Linked stacks and queue, Polynomial representation and manipulation using linked list, Circular Linked list and doubly linked list.

2.3 Basic Search and Traversal Techniques: Selection sort, Bubble sort, Insertion sort, Quick sort, Heap sort, Merge sort, Shell sort.

2.4 Trees: BST traversal methods (Preorder, Post order and In order), B- trees: Insertion and Deletion operations.

Design and Analysis of Algorithms

2.5 Algorithms, Analysis of algorithms, Asymptotic notation, Complexity of algorithms. Divide and Conquer: Binary Search, Finding Maximum and Minimum; String Processing: KMP, Boyre-Moore, Robin Karp algorithms. Greedy Method: Knapsack Problem, Job Sequencing with Deadlines, Optimal Merge Patterns.

2.6 Backtracking: 8 - Queens Problem, Sum of Subsets, Hamiltonian Cycles, Knapsack Problem. Dynamic Programming: Multistage Graphs, Optimal Binary Search Trees, 0/1 Knapsack, Reliability Design, Traveling Salesperson Problem.

2.7 Non-Deterministic Algorithm: Non-Deterministic Programming Constructs, Simple Non-Deterministic Programs; NP-Hard and NP-Complete Problems.

Object Oriented Paradigm

2.8 Object Oriented Concepts: Abstraction, Encapsulation, Objects, Classes, Methods, Constructors, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Static and dynamic binding, Overloading.

2.9 C++: Identifiers, Variables, Constants, Primitive data types, Expressions, Structured data types, Arrays, Compilers & interpreters, Assignment statement, if then else statements, Switch statement, Looping statements: while, do while, for, break, continue, Input/output statements, Functions/procedures.

2.10 Object oriented analysis, design, Unit testing & debugging, System testing & integration, Maintenance.

UNIT-III

Database Management Systems

3.1 Basic Concepts of Database systems: Data modeling for a database, Abstraction and data integration, Three level architecture of a DBMS, Overview of relational, network, hierarchical data models.

3.2 Database Design: Entity Relationship model, Extended Entity Relationship model. Relational Model & Relational Data Manipulations: Relation, Conversion of ER diagrams to relations, Integrity constraints, Relational algebra, Relational domain & tuple calculus.

3.3 Structured Query Language: DDL, DML, Views, Embedded SQL.

3.4 Relational Database Design Concepts: Functional dependencies, Determining keys, Normalization-1st, 2nd, 3rd, BCNF, 4th and 5th, Lossless join and dependency preserving decomposition.

Theory of Computation

3.5 Introduction to automata theory: Alphabets, Strings, and languages.

3.6 Finite Automata and Regular Languages: Deterministic and non-deterministic finite automata, Regular expressions, Regular languages and their relationship with finite automata, Pumping lemma and closure properties of regular languages; Kleen's Theorem; Finite Automata with output; Minimization of DFA.

3.7 Context Free Grammars and Pushdown Automata: Context free grammars (CFG), Parse trees, Ambiguities in grammars and languages, Normal forms: CNF & GNF; Pushdown automaton (PDA) and the language accepted by PDA, Deterministic PDA, Non- deterministic PDA, Properties of context free languages; Normal forms, Pumping lemma, Closure properties, Decision properties.

3.8 Turing Machines: Turing machine as a model of computation, Linear bounded automata; Variants of Turing machine and their equivalence. Undecidability: Recursively enumerable and recursive languages, Undecidable problems about Turing machines: Halting problem, Post Correspondence Problem, and undecidability problems about CFGs.

Compiler Design

3.9 Lexical and Syntactic Analysis: Design of a lexical analyzer generator, Syntactic analysis - design of top down and bottom up parsers.

3.10 Syntax directed translation: Top down and bottom up approaches, Data types, Mixed mode expression; Subscripted variables, Sequencing statement, Subroutines and functions: parameters called by address, by name and by value, subroutines with side effects; Code generation, Machine dependent and machine independent optimization techniques.

UNIT-IV

Operating Systems

4.1 Introduction to operating systems: Operating System as a resource manager, Operating system classification, System calls, Traps, Architectures for operating systems. Device Management: Goals of I/O software, Design of device drivers.

4.2 Processor Management: Process overview, Process states and state transition, Multiprogramming, Multi-tasking, Levels of schedulers and scheduling algorithms; Process Synchronization - Critical section and mutual exclusion problem, Classical synchronization problems, Deadlock prevention; Multithreading.

4.3 Memory Management: Classical memory management techniques, Paging, Segmentation, Virtual memory.

4.4 File Management: Overview of file management system, Disk space management,;

Systems Programming

4.5 8086 Architecture & Assembly Language Programming: Data representation, Instruction formats, Addressing techniques, Segments - Data Segment, Code Segment, Stack Segment, Memory Segment, Procedures, Input/ Output, Program development in 8086.

4.6 Assembler: Macro processor, Macros, Calls, Parameters, Expansion, Design of two-pass assembler. Loaders and Linkers: Loading schemes, Design of absolute and direct linking loaders.

Software Engineering

4.7 Software Life Cycle Models: SDLC Models, Software Requirements Analysis and Specifications: Requirements Engineering, Requirements Elicitation, Requirements Analysis.

4.8 Software Project Planning: Size Estimation, Cost Estimation, Models, Constructive Cost Model, Software Risk Management. Software Design: Design Definition, Modularity, Strategy of Design, Function Oriented Design, IEEE Recommended Practice for Software Design Description, Object Oriented Design.

4.9 Software Metrics: Software Metrics, Token Count, Data Structure Metrics, Information Flow Metrics, Metrics Analysis. Software Reliability: Software Quality, Software Reliability Models, Capability Maturity Model.

4.10 Software Testing: Testing Process, Functional Testing, Structural Testing, Levels of Testing, Debugging, Testing Tools. Software Maintenance: Maintenance Process, Estimation of Maintenance Costs, Regression Testing, Reverse Engineering, Software Re-engineering, Configuration Management.

UNIT-V

Computer System Architecture

5.1 Basic Building Blocks: Boolean logic and Boolean algebra, Counters, Shift registers, Adders, Substractor, Encoders, Decoders, Multiplexors, De-multiplexors.

5.2 Register Transfer and Micro Operations: Bus and memory transfers, Arithmetic, Logic shift micro operations; Basic computer organization: common bus system, instruction formats, instruction cycle, CPU organization, register organization, stack organization, micro programmed control unit RISC architecture; Microprocessor architecture.

5.3 Memory Unit: Primary memory, Secondary memory, Associative memory, Sequential access, Direct access storage devices, Virtual & Cache memory.

5.4 Input-Output Organisation: Input/Output devices; Data transfer schemes - programmed I/O, interrupt I/O and DMA transfer; Data transfer schemes for microprocessors.

Data Communication and Networks

5.5 Data Communication Systems: Concept of Data Communication Systems.

5.6 Network Reference Models: Local Area Networks, Wide Area network, Layered architectures, Protocol hierarchies,TCP/IP reference model, Wireless network, Internetworking. Error Detection & Correction: Framing, Error-control, Flow-control; Sliding window protocol; HDLC; Data link layer of internet.

5.7 Switching Techniques: Circuit switching, Message switching, Packet switching, Application Layer: File transfer protocol, Electronic mail, World Wide Web, SNMP, STTP.

5.8 Routing Concepts: Distance Vector Routing-Link State Routing-Inter Domain Routing, Classless Inter-domain Routing, Interior Gateway Routing Protocols, Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol, Border Gateway Protocol.

Distributed Computing

5.9 Distributed Operating System: Distributed computing system models, Issues in design of distributed operating system, message passing, Remote procedure calls,

5.10 Distributed algorithms: Synchronous and partial synchronous models, Algorithms in general synchronous leader election, Breadth first search, shortest path randomized algorithms; Asynchronous shared memory model, mutual exclusion, resource allocation, consensus, Asynchronous network model, basic asynchronous network algorithms.

UNIT-VI

Computer Graphics

6.1 Development of computer Graphics: Raster Scan and Random Scan graphics storages, Displays processors and character generators, Colour display techniques, Interactive input/output devices.

6.2 Points, lines and curves: Scan conversion, Line-drawing algorithms, Circle and ellipse generation, Conic-section generation, Polygon filling anti aliasing.

6.3 Two-dimensional viewing: Co-ordinate systems, Windows and Viewport, Linear transformations, Line and polygon clipping algorithms.

6.4 Three-dimensional concepts: 3-D representations, Transformations, Perspective and parallel projections, Spline curves and surfaces, Quadtree and Octree data structures;

Artificial Intelligence

6.5 A.I. Techniques and its characteristics, Problems and problem spaces, Problems as state space search, Production systems, Control Strategies, Heuristic search, Problem characteristics, Production system characteristics.

6.6 Problem Solving Methods: Forward versus backward reasoning, Problem trees versus Problem graphs, Knowledge representation and the frame problem, Generate-and-test, Hill climbing, Breadth-First-Search, Problem Reduction, Constraint satisfaction, Means-End analysis.

6.7 Game Playing: Mini-max search, Alpha-beta pruning, Secondary search.

6.8 Knowledge Representation using Predicate Logic: Representing simple facts using logic, Resolution, Conversion to clause form, Resolution in clause form, Unification algorithm.

Soft Computing

6.9 Fundamentals of ANN: Artificial Neural Networks, Building Blocks of ANN. ANN Terminologies: Architecture, Setting of Weights, Activation Functions, Mcculloch- Pitts Neuron Model, Hebbian Learning Rule, Perception Learning Rule, Delta Learning Rule.

6.10 Fuzzy System: Fuzzy Sets, Properties and Operations - Fuzzy Relations, Cardinality, Operations and Properties of Fuzzy Relations, Fuzzy Composition; Fuzzy Variables, Types of Membership Functions. Genetic Algorithm (GA): Biological Terminology, Elements of GA: Encoding, Types of Selection, Types of Crossover, Mutation, Reinsertion, Theoretical Foundation: Schema, Fundamental Theorems of GA.

UNIT-VII

Data Warehouse & Data Mining

7.1 Data Warehouse: Data warehouses and data marts, metadata in the data warehouse; Defining the business requirement: Dimensional analysis, information packages, requirement-gathering methods; Architecture and Infrastructure: Data warehousing architecture, , Technical architecture, Collection of tools, Infrastructure supporting architecture.

7.2 Data Mining: The process of knowledge discovery in databases, Predictive and descriptive data mining techniques, Supervised and unsupervised learning techniques. Techniques of Data Mining: Link analysis, Predictive modeling, Score functions for data mining algorithms, Bayesian techniques in data mining; Issues in Data Mining: Scalability and data management issues in data mining algorithms, Parallel and distributed data mining, Privacy, Social, Ethical issues in KDD and data mining,

Parallel Computing

7.3 Introduction to Parallel Computing, Advantages of Parallel Computing; Array Processors, Shared memory multi-processors, Message passing multi-processors, MMC systems; Elementary sorting algorithms; PRAM Algorithms.

7.4 Matrix algorithms: Matrix multiplication, Matrix inversion; Graph algorithms: Mesh algorithm for transitive closure, All-paired Shortest Path, Single-source Shortest Path, Minimum- cost Spanning Tree.

Information Security

7.5 Overview of Security: Protection versus security; Aspects of security-data integrity, data availability, privacy; Security problems, User authentication. Security Threats: Program threats, Worms, Viruses, Trojan horse, Trap door, Stack and buffer overflow; System threats- intruders; Communication threats- tapping and piracy, Intrusion detection.

7.6 Cryptography: Substitution, Transposition ciphers, Symmetric-key algorithms-Data Encryption Standard, Advanced encryption standards, Public key encryption - RSA;

7.7 Digital signatures: Symmetric key signatures, Public key signatures, Public key infrastructures.

Electronic Commerce

7.8 Building Blocks of Electronic Commerce: Introduction, internet and networking technologies, Internet and network protocols, web server scalability, distributed objects, object request brokers, component technology, web services, web application architectures.

7.9 Security of E-commerce transactions: Review of cryptographic tools, authentication, signatures, observers, anonymity, privacy, traceability, key certification, management and escrow.

7.10 Payment protocols and standards: Smart card, e-cash, e-wallet technologies, electronic money and electronic payment systems, business models for electronic commerce, electronic marketplaces, auctions and other market mechanisms,

MATHEMATICS

Aptitude: Mathematical reasoning including Number series, letter series, codes, >relationships, classification. Logical reasoning including understanding the structure of arguments, deductive and inductive reasoning, verbal classification, analytical reasoning. General Science.

Subject:

Abstract Algebra:Group, Subgroup, Cosets, Homomorphism and Isomorphism of Groups, Normal Subgroup and Quotient Group, Sylow's Theorems, Rings, Integral Domain, Division Ring, Field, Ring Homomorphism and Ring Isomorphism, Ideal, Principal Ideal, Principal Ideal Ring, Quotient Ring, Prime Ideal, Maximal Ideal, Euclidean Ring, Divisibility, Euclidean and Principal Ideal Domains, Unique Factorization Domains, Polynomial Ring. Extension Fields, Splitting Fields, Normal and Separable Extensions, Perfect Fields.

Complex Analysis: Complex Numbers, Analytic (Holomorphic) Functions, Cauchy-Riemann Equations, Harmonic functions, Conformal Transformation, Bilinear Transformation, Power Series, Radius of Convergence,Complex integration, Cauchy's Theorem, Cauchy's Integral Formula and its Generalized Form, Poisson Integral Formula Schwarz Lemma, Taylor's and Laurent's Expansions, Cauchy Inequality, Liouville's Theorem, Morera's Theorem, Maximum and Minimum modulus principle. Zeroes of an Analytic Function, Winding Number, Singularities, Entire and Meromorphic Functions, Gauss Theorem, Casorati and Weierstrass Theorem, Residue at a Singularity, Cauchy's Residue Theorem, Argument Principle, Rouche's Theorem, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Hurwitz Theorem, Residue and Contour Integration.

Mathematical Analysis: Countable & Uncountable sets, Statements of axiom of choice, well ordering principle, Zorn's Lemma, Transfinite induction. Field of real numbers as acomplete ordered field, Metric space, Compact set, Heine-Borel Theorem, Bolzano Weierstrass Theorem, Taylor's Theorem.

Construction & Properties of Lebesgue measure, Borel sets, Measurable sets, Measurable functions, Lebesgue integration & its properties, Dominated & Monotone convergence theorems,

Fourier series of integrable functions. Discussion of pointwise & uniform convergence of series, Continuous periodic functions, Orthogonality, Parseval's Theorem. Riez Fischer theorem.

Topological Spaces, properties of Topological Spaces, Metric Topology, Connectedness and Compactness.

Functional Analysis:Normed spaces, Banach spaces, properties of normed spaces, Subspaces, Linear operators, Linear functionals, Bounded and Continuous linear operators, Normed spaces of operators, Dual spaces.Hahn-Banach theorem for normed spaces, application to bounded linear functionals on C[a,b], Adjoint operators, Reflexive spaces, Uniform boundedness theorem, Convergence of sequence of operators and functionals, Open mapping theorem, Closed linear operators, Closed Graph Theorem, Inner product spaces, Hilbert spaces, properties of inner product spaces, Orthogonal complements and Direct sums, Orthonormal sets and sequences, Total orthonormal sets and sequences, Functionals on Hilbert spaces, Hilbert adjoint operators, Self adjoint, Unitary and Normal operators.

Linear Algebra: Vector Spaces, Subspaces, Quotient Spaces, Linear Dependence, Basis, Linear Transformation, Algebra of Linear Transformations, Kernel, Range, Isomorphism, Algebra of Matrices, Rank of a Matrix, Determinants, Matrix Representation of a Linear Transformation, Change of Bases, Eigen values and Eigen Vectors, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, Invariant Subspaces, Linear Functionals, Dual Spaces, Canonical Forms: Diagonal Form, Triangular Form, Jordan Form, Inner Product Spaces.

Discrete Mathematics: Basic Concepts of Graph Theory, Matrix Representation of Graphs, Eulerian Path and Circuits, Hamiltorian Path and Circuits. Shortest Path in Weighted Graph, Planar Graphs, Connected Graphs, Chromatic Number, Edge Colouring of Graphs, Vizing's Theorem. Trees and Cut Sets. Sets and Multisets, Relations and Functions, Chains and Antichains. Permutations, Combinations, Permutation and Combinations of Multisets. Discrete Probability, Pigeon Hole Principle, Inclusion-Exclusion Principle,Discrete Numeric Functions, Generating Functions, Recurrence Relations.

Operations Research: Introduction to Operations Research, Linear Programming, Principles of Simplex Method, Degeneracy & Cycling. Assignment and Transportation Problems, Nonlinear Programming, Quadratic Programming, Separable Programming, Integer Programming, Dynamic Programming. Network Analysis, Introduction of Network Analysis, Shortest Path Problem by PERT & CPM.

Queuing Theory, Queuing Systems, Steady-State Behaviour of Markovian and Earlangian Models (M/M/1, M/M/C, M/Ek/l). Discrete Time Queuing Systems, Inventory Theory, Deterministic Economic Lot Size Models and their Extensions, Models with Lost Sales and Partially Backlogged, Continuous Production with Varying Demand Rates. Probabilistic Models.

Geometry& Calculus: Lines and Planes, Skew Lines. Equation of a Sphere Plane Section, Intersection of Two Spheres, Tangent Plane, Pole and Polar Plane, Orthogonality Cone, Enveloping Cone, , Reciprocal Cone, Generators of a Cone, Cylinder and Enveloping Cylinder, Director Sphere.

Functions, Limit, Continuity and Differentiability, Mean Value Theorems, , Maxima and Minima, Partial Derivatives, Lagrange Method of Multipliers, Concavity and Points of Inflexion, Curvature and Evolutes, Asymptotes,Singular Points, Curve Tracing, Envelopes, Change of Independent Variables, Evaluation of Definite and Improper Integrals, Beta and Gamma Functions, Double and Triple Integrals and their Applications.

Mechanics & Vector Analysis: Dynamics of Rigid Body, Force and Acceleration, Work and Energy, Impulse and Momentum.

Scalar and Vector Product Differentiation of Vectors, Differential Operators, Directional Derivative, Tangent Plane and Normal. Divergence and Curl, Line Integral, Surface and Volume Integrals, Gauss's, Stokes' and Green's Theorem.

Differential Equations: Ordinary Differential Equations, Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions, Singular Solutions, Initial Value Problems, System of ODEs. Variation of Parameters, Methods of constant Coefficients and Variable Coefficients.

Linear, Quasilinear and Nonlinear First Order Partial Differential Equations, Lagrange and Charpit Methods, Cauchy Problem for First Order PDEs. Classification of Second Order PDEs, General Solution of Higher Order PDEs with Constant Coefficients, Method of Separation of Variables for Laplace, Heat and Wave Equations.

Numerical Analysis: Finite Differences, Interpolation, Numerical Solutions of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations, Numerical Solution of System of Linear Algebraic Equations, Numerical Differentiation, Numerical Integration, Numerical Solutions of ODEs.

STATISTICS

Aptitude: Mathematical reasoning including Number series, letter series, codes, >relationships, classification. Logical reasoning including understanding the structure of arguments, deductive and inductive reasoning, verbal classification, analytical reasoning. General Science.

Subject:

Probability Theory: Concepts of Probability, Conditional Probability, Bayes' Theorem. Random Variables, Probability Distributions, Distribution Functions, Joint, Marginal and Conditional Distributions. Expectation and Variance, Conditional Expectation and Conditional Variance, Moments. Generating Functions and Law of Large Numbers.Inequalities,Central Limit Theorem. Convergence of sequence of random variables.

Theoretical Probability Distributions (Discrete, Continuous and Mixtures). Distributions of Functions of Random Variables. Transformations. Order Statistics. Random Vectors.

Statistical Inference: Point estimators and their properties,CAN, BAN, large sample properties. Interval estimation. Testing of Hypothesis: most powerful and uniformly most powerful tests, likelihood ratio tests. Non-Parametric Tests. Sampling Distributions and their applications.

Bayesian Inference: Prior and posterior distribution, types of prior, loss functions, Bayes' estimation and Bayes' risk.

Sampling Techniques: Probability and Non-Probability Sampling Schemes, Ratio Estimator, Product Estimator and Regression Estimator.

Design of Experiments: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Principles of Design of Experiments, CRD, RBD, LSD. Factorial Experiments, Confounding, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Incomplete Block Designs.

Demography: Source of Population Data, Rates of Population Growth,Population Stabilization, Population Projection. Theories of Population Growth, Theory of Demographic Transition, Concepts and theories related to Fertility,Mortality,Morbidity, Migration and Urbanization.Reproductive Health: Concept and Framework, Reproductive Morbidity.Life Table: Basic Concept of Life Table, Types and Forms of Life Table and Model life table.

Inter-Relationship between populationdevelopment and environment.Status of Women- Social, Economic, Cultural and Health, Women Empowerment and its Demographic Consequences.

Population Policies and Programs, National and State Population Policies in India. Evaluation of Family Programming Programs in India. Goals and Achievements of Family Welfare program, Methods of Programme Impact Assessment.

Stochastic Process&Time Series: Markov Chain, Classification of States, Chapman-Kolmogorov equations, Stationary Probability Theorems and Limit Theorem for Ergodic Chains, Martingales.

Poisson Process, Birth and Death Process, Random Walk and Gambler's Ruin Problem, Wiener Process, Renewal Theory and its Application, Branching Chains: Discrete Process (Galton-Watson), Continuous Process (Markov Branching), Fundamental Theorem of Extinction.

Measurement of components of time series.Stationary and non stationary series, time domain analysis based on correlogram. ARIMA (p, d, q) model, tests for Stationarity.

Multivariate Analysis: Linear regression model: assumptions, estimation, testing,use of extraneous information. Multicollinearity: its detection and remedies. Non spherical disturbances.Tests for structural changes, uses of dummy variables.

Simultaneous Equation Model: Basic Concepts, Problem of Identification, Estimation of Parameters.

Multivariate Normal Distribution. Wishart Distribution. Hotelling T², Mahalanobis D² and their Applications. Classification and Discriminate Analysis. Principal Component Analysis. Canonical Correlations and Variables. Factor Analysis.

Analysis: Countable & Uncountable sets, Statements of axiom of choice, well ordering principle, Zorn's Lemma, Transfinite induction. Field of real numbers as a complete ordered field, Metric space, Compact set, Heine-Borel Theorem, Bolzano Weierstrass Theorem, Taylor's Theorem.

Construction & Properties of Lebesgue measure, Borel sets, Measurable sets, Measurable functions, Lebesgue integration & its properties, Dominated & Monotone convergence theorems.

Operations Research: Introduction to Operations Research, Linear Programming, Principles of Simplex Method, Degeneracy & Cycling. Assignment and Transportation Problems, Nonlinear Programming, Quadratic Programming, Separable Programming, Integer Programming, Dynamic Programming. Network Analysis, Introduction of Network Analysis, Shortest Path Problem by PERT & CPM.

Linear Algebra: Vector Spaces, Subspaces, Quotient Spaces, Linear Dependence, Basis, Linear Transformation, Algebra of Linear Transformations, Kernel, Range, Isomorphism, Algebra of Matrices, Rank of a Matrix, Determinants, Matrix Representation of a Linear Transformation, Change of Bases, Eigen values and EigenVectors, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, Invariant Subspaces, Linear Functionals, Dual Spaces, Canonical Forms: Diagonal Form, Triangular Form, Jordan Form, Inner Product Spaces.

Numerical Analysis: Finite Differences, Interpolation, Numerical Solutions of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations, Numerical Solution of System of Linear Algebraic Equations, Numerical Differentiation, Numerical Integration, Numerical Solutions of ODEs.

ELECTRONICS

Research Apptitude:

Teaching Aptitude

Nature, objectives, characteristics and basic requirements for teaching, Factors which affect teaching, Methods of teaching, Characteristics of learners, Evolution of teaching systems, Teaching aids

Foundations of Research

Meaning, Objectives, Motivation, Utility. Concept of theory, empiricism, deductive and inductive theory. Characteristics of scientific method - Understanding the language of research - Concept, Construct, Definition, Variable. Research Process, Sampling, Descriptive Statistics

Research Aptitude

Meaning, Types and Characteristics of Research, Methods of Research, Steps for researching, Research ethics, The characteristics and format for the thesis writing, Paper, workshop, article, conference, seminar, and symposium

Research Hypotheses

Formulating Hypotheses, The Hypotheses Variables, The Dependent and Independent variables, Alternate versus Null Hypotheses

Communication

Nature of Communication, Types of Communication, Characteristics of Communication, Effective Communication in the classroom, Barriers to effective communication

Subject:

Information & Communication Technology (ICT)

Meaning, advantages, disadvantages, and uses of ICT, General abbreviations and terminology related to ICT, Basic IT concepts, E-mailing

Signals, Systems & Networks:

Definitions and properties of Laplace transform continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, DFT and FFT, z transform. Sampling theorem. Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems: definitions and properties; causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and cascade structure, frequency response, group delay, phase delay. Signal transmission through LTI systems. Solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis. Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin and Norton's maximum power transfer, Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors. Time domain analysis of simple RLC circuits, Solution of network equations using Laplace transform: frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits. Two-port network parameters: driving point and transfer functions. State equations for networks.

Electronic Devices & Circuits:

Energy bands formation, Carrier transport: diffusion current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity, generation and recombination. P-N junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, p-i-n and avalanche photo diode, LASER. Small Signal Equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and CMOS. Simple diode circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of transistor and FET amplifiers. Amplifiers: single-and multi-stage, differential and operational, feedback, and power. Frequency response of amplifiers. Simple op-amp circuits. Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and op-amp configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits, 555 Timers. Power supplies.

Digital circuits:

Boolean algebra, minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinatorial circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders, PROMs and PLAs. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor (8085): architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing.

Control Systems:

Basic control system components; block diagrammatic description, reduction of block diagrams. Open loop and closed loop (feedback) systems and stability analysis of these systems. Signal flow graphs and their use in determining transfer functions of systems; transient and steady state analysis of LTI control systems and frequency response. Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis: root loci, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots. Control system compensators: elements of lead and lag compensation, elements of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control. State variable representation and solution of state equation of LTI control systems.

Communication Engineering:

Random signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability density function, autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems: amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations, super heterodyne receivers; elements of hardware, realizations of analog communication systems; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise conditions. Information theory and channel capacity theorem. Digital communication systems: pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for these schemes. Mobile Communication: concept, spread spectrum multiple access, Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA and GSM. Optical fiber communication: transmission characteristics of optical fibers, Intensity modulation, direct detection.

Electromagnetics:

Elements of vector calculus: divergence and curl; Gauss' and Stokes' theorems, Maxwell's equations: differential and integral forms. Wave equation, Poynting vector. Plane waves: propagation through various media; reflection and refraction; phase and group velocity; skin depth. Transmission lines: characteristic impedance; impedance transformation; Smith chart; impedance matching; S parameters, pulse excitation. Waveguides: modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions; cut-off frequencies; dispersion relations. Basics of propagation in dielectric waveguide and optical fibers. Basics of Antennas: Dipole antennas; radiation pattern; antenna gain.

Instrumentation and Measurements:

Principle of measurements and error analysis. Instruments: DC & AC voltage and current meters, power and energy meters, meter for measuring speed, potentiometer and bridges; estimation of instrument ranges. Amplifiers in instrumentation, Digital display in instruments. Principle of oscilloscope and recorders, Passive (resistive, inductive, capacitive) and active (thermoelectric, piezoelectric, photoelectric etc.) transducers.

PHYSICS

Research Apptitude:

Teaching Aptitude

Nature, objectives, characteristics and basic requirements for teaching, Factors which affect teaching, Methods of teaching, Characteristics of learners, Evolution of teaching systems, Teaching aids

Foundations of Research

Research Aptitude

Research Hypotheses

Formulating Hypotheses, The Hypotheses Variables, The Dependent and Independent variables, Alternate versus Null Hypotheses

Communication

Nature of Communication, Types of Communication, Characteristics of Communication, Effective Communication in the classroom, Barriers to effective communication

Subject:

Information & Communication Technology (ICT)

Meaning, advantages, disadvantages, and uses of ICT, General abbreviations and terminology related to ICT, Basic IT concepts, E-mailing

Quantum Mechanics:

Schrödinger equation, Ehrenefest's theorem, Uncertainty principle, Potential problems- Wells and barriers, Harmonic oscillator, Rigid Rotator and Hydrogen Atom, Different type of operators, Hilbert space, Schrödinger, Heisenberg and Interaction matrix representation, Identical particles, Pauli exclusion principle, Stern-Gerlach experiment, Spin matrices for electron, Angular momentum operator, CG coefficients, Wigner-Eckart theorem. Time independent perturbation theory, Non-degenerate and degenerate cases, Variational method, WKB approximation, Time dependent perturbation theory, Harmonic perturbation, Fermi's golden rule, Transition probabilities, Adiabatic and Sudden approximation, Semi classical treatment of radiation; Quantum Theory of Scattering: Collision in 3-D and scattering, Laboratory and CM reference frames, Scattering amplitude, Differential Born approximation, Applications of Born approximation, Partial Wave Analysis and Phase Shift, Applications of PWA, The Lippmam-Schwinger equation; Relativistic wave equations: Klein-Gordan equation, Solution of Klein-Gordan equation, Dirac's relativistic equation, Solution of Dirac's equation; Quantization of Fields: Classical approach to field theory, Second quantization, Quantum equation of field, Quantization of non-relativistic Schrödinger equation, Creation, Annihilation and Number Operators, Quantization of Klein-Gordan equation and Dirac equation.

Condensed Matter Physics:

Crystal structure, Symmetry elements, Bravis lattice, Interatomic forces, Analysis of strain, elastic compliance and stiffness constants for Cubic Crystals, elastic energy density, Vibration of crystals with monatomic basis, two atoms per premitive basis, quantization of elastic waves, inelastic scattering by phonons, phonon heat capacity, density of states in one and three dimensions, Debye model and Einstein model; Nearly free electron model, Kronig-penney model, band gap in semiconductors, impurity conductivity, Fermi surfaces, tight bonding method for energy gap, De Hass-van Alfen affect; Superconductivity, properties, types, Meissner effect, London theory, Cooper Pairs, coherence length, flux quantization, BCS theory, High Tc Superconductivity, Classical & Qauntum theory of Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism, Cooling by isontropic demagnetization, Heisenberg theory of Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism, Ferromagnetic domains, magnetic bubble domains ,Nuclear magnetic resonance, hyperfine splitting, Nuclear quadrupole resonance, ferromagnetic resonance, Antiferromagnetic resonance, Electron paramagnetic resonance.

Mathematical Physics:

Vector analysis, Introduction, rank and number of components of a tensor, contravariant and covariant tensors, Function of complex variable, derivative and the Cauchy-Riemann differential equations, analytic function, line integral of complex function, Cauchy's integral theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, Taylor's and Laurent series, Cauchy's residues theorem, singular points of an analytic function, evaluation of residues, Liouville's theorem, evaluation of definite integrals, Second-order homogeneous and nonhomogeneous differential equations with constant and variable coefficients.Series solution method, solutions and basic properties like orthogonality, recurrence relations, graphical representation and generating functions of Bessel's, Hermite's Legendere's, Laguerre's and associated Legender functions. Laplace, Poisson, Helmholtz, Wave and Diffusion equations. Laplace transforms, Fourier transform

Classical Mechanics:

System of particles: Conservation laws, Constrained motion, Constraints, Degree of freedom, Generalised co-ordinates. Variational principle and Lagrangian Formulation: Calculus of variations, Euler-Lagrange differential equation, Hamilton's principle, Deduction of Lagrange's equations of motion by different method, D'Alembert's principle, Rayleigh's dissipation function, Lagrangian for a charged particle in an electromagnetic field. Applications of Lagrange's equations of motion, Non-holonomic system: Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers, Conservation theorems, Routhian function.

Hamiltonian Formulation of Mechanics: Phase space and the motion of the system, Hamiltonian, Hamilton's canonical equations of motion, Physical significance of H, Hamilton's canonical equations of motion in different co-ordinate systems, Applications of Hamiltonian's equation of motion, Hamiltonian for a charged particle in an ectromagnetic field, Principle of least action, Canonical transformations, Infinitesimal contact transformation, Hamilton-Jacobi method, H-J equation for Hamilton's characteristic function, Application of H-J method, Action and angle variables, Poisson brackets, Jacobi's identity, Infinitesimal contact transformations, interpretation in terms of Poisson brackets, The angular momentum and Poisson brackets, Poisson bracket in Quantum Mechanics, Lagrange's brackets, Liouville's theorem.

Motion under Central Force: Equivalent one body problem, General features of central force motion, Equivalent one dimensional problem-features of orbits, Inverse square law-Kepler problem, Virial theorem, Rutherford scattering, Center of mass and Laboratory co-ordinates, Transformation of scattering problem to laboratory co-ordinates. Relativistic Mechanics: Basic postulates of Relativity, Lorentz transformations, Relativistic generalization of Newton's law, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of relativistic mechanics, covariant Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation.

Atomic, Molecular and LASER Physics:

Quantum states of an electron in an atom; Electron spin; Stern-Gerlach experiment; Spectrum of Hydrogen, helium and alkali atoms; Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen; Hyperfine structure and isotopic shift; width of spectral lines; LS & JJ coupling; Zeeman, Paschen Back & Stark effect; X-ray spectra; Electron spin resonance, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Rotational, vibrational, electronic, and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules; Frank - Condon principle and selection rules; Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients; Different Laser assemblies, optical pumping, population inversion, rate equations; Modes of resonators and coherence length.

Statistical and Thermal Physics:

Thermodynamic equilibrium, infinitesimal quasistatic process, reversible & irreversible processes, Carnot's engine, laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, Principle of increase of entropy, Maxwell's relations, Equilibrium between Phases, Triple point, Clausius Clapeyron's equation, Helmholtz free energy, Enthalpy, Gibb's function, Thermodynamic potentials, Foundations of Statistical Mechanics, Specification of states of system, Kinetic theory of gases, Energy distribution function, most probable, average & r.m.s. velocities, equipartition of energy, Contact between statistics and thermodynamics, Classical ideal gas, Entropy of mixing , Gibb's paradox; Microcanonical, canonical and Grand-canonical ensembles, Phase space, Trajectories and density of states, Liouville's theorem, partition function, calculation of statistical quantities, Energy and Density fluctuations; Density matrix, Statistics of ensembles, Statistics of indistinguishable particles, Maxwell-Boltzman, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics, Properties of ideal Bose and Fermi gases, Bose-Einstein condensation; Landau's theory of phase transition, Critical indices, Brownian motion, Langevin theory.

Advanced Electronics:

Semiconductor Physics, conduction by drift and diffusion of charge, P N junction, diode equation, Rectification and Power Supply, Zener diode, Transitstor and transistor Amplifiers, frequency response, Field effect Transistor and MOSFET, Circuit characteristics, Amplifier with feedback, Oscillators and Digital Circuits, Operational Amplifier and its applications, Logic gates Circuit realization on logic functions, Hall effect, Four layer diode (P-N-P-N), SCR, Gate characteristics, DIAC, TRIAC, light activated Thyristor and their applications

Analog Modulation: Amplitude modulation, D.S.B.S.C. Modulation, S.S.B. Modulation, vestigial sideband modulation, Frequency modulation, phase modulation; Digital modulation: PAM, PWM, PPM, Pulse-code modulation, Delta modulation, adaptive delta modulation, ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK.

Fiber Optics Communication: Basic Concept of Fiber optics, comparison of Fiber cables with conventional metallic cables, Optical Fibers- step index, single and multimode, graded index, Optical sources and detectors.

Nuclear Physics:

Basic nuclear properties: size, shape and charge distribution, spin and parity. Binding energy, semi-empirical mass formula, liquid drop model. Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential, charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear forces. Deuteron problem. Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity and limitations. Rotational spectra. Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules. Fission and fusion. Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanism, compound nuclei and direct reactions. Classification of fundamental forces. Elementary particles and their quantum numbers (charge, spin, parity, isospin, strangeness, etc.). Gellmann-Nishijima formula. Quark model, baryons and mesons. C, P, and T invariance. Application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions. Parity non-conservation in weak interaction. Relativistic kinematics.

Electromagnetic Field Theory:

Electrostatics: Gauss's law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems, Dielectrics and conductors; Magnetostatics: Energy in a magnetic field, Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem, Vector potential and Magnetic induction Plane Electromagnetic Waves and Wave Equation : Maxwell's equations, Plane wave in different medium, Frequency dispersion characteristics of dielectrics, conductors and plasmas, superposition of waves in one dimension, group velocity, boundary conditions on the fields at interfaces, Dispersion relations, Poynting theorem and conservation of energy and momentum; Relativistic Electrodynamics: Vector and Scalar potentials, Gauge transformations, Mathematical properties of the space-time, special relativity, Invariance of electric charge, covariance of electrodynamics, Transformation of electromagnetic fields, Electromagnetic field tensor, Tensor description of Maxwell's equation; Radiation by moving charges: Radiation- from moving charges and dipoles and retarded potentials.

AUTOMATION

Research Methodology:

Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research,

Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology,

Research and Scientific Method, Importance of Knowing How Research is Done, Research Process, Criteria of Good Research, Problems Encountered by Researchers in India, What is a Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of Defining the Problem, Technique Involved in Defining a Problem, Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design, Important Concepts Relating to Research Design, Different Research Designs, Basic Principles of Experimental Designs,

Collection of Data through Questionnaires, Collection of Data through Schedules, Difference between Questionnaires and Schedules, Some Other Methods of Data Collection, Collection of Secondary Data, Processing Operations

Elements/Types of Analysis, Statistics in Research, Measures of Central Tendency,

Measures of Dispersion, Measures of Asymmetry (Skewness), Measures of Relationship, Simple Regression Analysis, Multiple Correlation and Regression, Partial Correlation, Association in Case of Attributes, Other Measures, Need for Sampling, Important Sampling Distributions, Central Limit Theorem, Sampling Theory.

What is a Hypothesis? Basic Concepts Concerning Testing of Hypotheses, Procedure for Hypothesis Testing, Flow Diagram for Hypothesis Testing, Measuring the Power of a Hypothesis Test, Tests of Hypotheses, Important Parametric Tests, Hypothesis Testing of Means, Hypothesis Testing for Differences between Means, Hypothesis Testing for Comparing Two Related Samples, Limitations of the Tests of Hypotheses,

Chi-square as a Test for Comparing Variance, Chi-square as a Non-parametric Test, Steps Involved in Applying Chi-square Test,

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), what is ANOVA? The Basic Principle of ANOVA, ANOVA Technique, Setting up Analysis of Variance Table, Short-cut Method for One-way ANOVA, Coding Method Two-way Important Nonparametric or Distribution-free Test,

Growth of Multivariate Techniques, Characteristics and Applications, Classification of Multivariate Techniques, Variables in Multivariate Analysis, Important Multivariate Techniques,

Significance of Report Writing, Different Steps in Writing Report, Layout of the Research Report, Types of Reports, Oral Presentation, Mechanics of Writing a Research Report, Precautions for Writing Research Reports

Subject:

Basic Electronics

Energy bands, p-n junction diode, Characteristics and Parameters, Diode approximations, DC load line analysis, Half-wave rectifier, Two-diode Full-wave rectifier, Bridge rectifier, Capacitor filter circuit, Zener diode voltage regulators, Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) operation, BJT Voltages and Currents, BJT amplification, Common Base, Common Emitter and Common Collector Characteristics, DC Load line and Bias Point, Base Bias, Voltage divider Bias, Field Effect Transistors (FET), MOSFET amplifiers, LED.

Operational Amplifiers (OPAMP),Inverting and Non Inverting OPAMP circuits, OPAMP applications: voltage follower, adder, subtractor, integrator, differentiator.

Digital Electronics

Number systems, Binary codes, Combinatorial circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of functions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates and their static CMOS implementations, arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders and Programmable Logic Devices, Programmable Logic Arrays (PLA), Programmable Array Logic (PAL); Sequential circuits: latches and flip‐flops, counters, shift‐registers and finite state machines; Data converters: sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs; Semiconductor memories: ROM, SRAM, DRAM

Control System

Mathematical modeling and representation of systems, Feedback principle, transfer function, Block diagrams and Signal flow graphs, Transient and Steady‐state analysis of linear time invariant systems, Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist criteria, Bode plots, Root loci, Stability analysis, Lag, Lead and Lead-Lag compensators; mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components, synchro pair, servo and stepper motors, servo valves; on-off, P, P-I, P-I-D, cascade, feed-forward, and ratio controllers; State space model, State transition matrix.

Industrial Instrumentation

Resistive-, capacitive-, inductive-, piezoelectric-, Hall effect sensors and associated signal conditioning circuits; transducers for industrial instrumentation: displacement (linear and angular), velocity, acceleration, force, torque, vibration, shock, pressure (including low pressure), flow (differential pressure, variable area, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, turbine and open channel flow meters) temperature (thermocouple, bolometer, RTD (3/4 wire), thermistor, pyrometer and semiconductor); liquid level, pH, conductivity and viscosity measurement.

Biomedical Instrumentation

Biomedical instruments, EEG, ECG and EMG. Clinical measurements. Ultrasonic transducers and Ultrasonography. Principles of Computer Assisted Tomography. Laser Applications in Biomedical Fields, B.P measurement, patient monitoring system, blood PH measurement, blood P_O2, P_CO2, CPR, complete blood gas analyser. MRI, and ultrasonic imaging systems, x-ray machine, x-ray computed tomography, basic NMR components, physics of ultrasonic rays, A-scanner, B-scanner, echocardiograph, display devices for ultra sonic imaging. External pacemaker, implantable pace maker, programmable pace maker, leads and electrodes used, DC defibrillators, electrodes used, implantable defibrillators.

Communication

Random processes: autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems; Analog communications: amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and FM, superheterodyne receivers, circuits for analog communications; Information theory: entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem; Digital communications: PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes, amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying (ASK, PSK, FSK), QAM, MAP and ML decoding, matched filter receiver, calculation of bandwidth, SNR and BER for digital modulation; Fundamentals of error correction, Hamming codes; Timing and frequency synchronization, inter-symbol interference and its mitigation; Basics of TDMA, FDMA, CDMA and GSM.

Electromagnetic Fields

Coulomb's Law, Electric Field Intensity, Electric Flux Density, Gauss's Law, Divergence, Electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, Effect of dielectric medium, Capacitance of simple configurations, Biot-Savart's law, Ampere's law, Curl, Faraday's law, Lorentz force, Inductance, Magnetomotive force, Reluctance, Magnetic circuits,Self and Mutual inductance of simple configurations.

Electrostatics; Maxwell's equations: differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector; Plane waves and properties: reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth; Transmission lines: equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching, impedance transformation etc.

Electric circuits

Network graph, KCL, KVL, Node and Mesh analysis, Transient response of dc and ac networks, Sinusoidal steady state analysis, Resonance, Passive filters, Ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, Superposition theorem, Maximum power transfer theorem, Two port networks, Three phase circuits, Power and power factor in ac circuits.

Electrical machines

Single phase transformer: equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, open circuit and short circuit tests, regulation and efficiency; Three phase transformers: connections, parallel operation; Auto‐transformer, Electromechanical energy conversion principles, DC machines: separately excited, series and shunt, motoring and generating mode of operation and their characteristics, starting and speed control of dc motors; Three phase induction motors: principle of operation, types, performance, torque-speed characteristics, no-load and blocked rotor tests, equivalent circuit, starting and speed control; Operating principle of single phase induction motors; Synchronous machines: cylindrical and salient pole machines, performance, regulation and parallel operation of generators, starting of synchronous motor, characteristics; Types of losses and efficiency calculations of electric machines.

Power system

Power generation concepts, ac and dc transmission concepts, Models and performance of transmission lines and cables, Series and shunt compensation, Electric field distribution and insulators, Distribution systems, Per‐unit quantities, Bus admittance matrix, GaussSeidel and Newton-Raphson load flow methods, Voltage and Frequency control, Power factor correction, Symmetrical components, Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis, Principles of over‐current, differential and distance protection; Circuit breakers, System stability concepts, Equal area criterion.

Power electronics

Characteristics of semiconductor power devices: Diode, Thyristor, Triac, GTO, MOSFET, IGBT; DC to DC conversion: Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost converters; Single and three phase configuration of uncontrolled rectifiers, Line commutated thyristor based converters, Bidirectional ac to dc voltage source converters, Issues of line current harmonics, Power factor, Distortion factor of ac to dc converters, Single phase and three phase inverters, Sinusoidal pulse width modulation.

Microprocessor Syllabus

Microcomputer organization, different parts of microcomputer and operation, Microprocessor, Evaluation of Microprocessor, Generalized Microprocessors Architecture and operation, ALU, Register Array, Instruction execution, Bus operation, Memory array design and memory interfacing.

Detailed Architecture of 8086, Addressing Modes, Assembler directives.Data movement instructions, Arithmetic instructions, Logic Instructions and Program Control Instructions, Assembly Language Programming, system design and interrupt.

Pin functions, clock generator (8284A) operation, Bus buffering and latching, Bus timing. Introduction to Programmable Peripheral Interface (8255), Architecture, Operation, Programming.

Introduction to Programmable Interval Timer (8254), Architecture, Operation, Programming. Introduction to Programmable Interrupt Controller (8259), Analog to digital converter (ADC0804) interface, Keyboard and Display Interface (8279), Architecture, Operation, DMA.

Pneumatic Engineering

Introduction to Pneumatics; Gas laws (Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law), General gas equation, Compressors and its types, Air Storage System, Dryers.

Elements of pneumatic system; Filter, Regulator and Lubricator (FRL) unit, Direction control valves (DCV), Flow control valve (FCV), Pressure Control Valve (PCV). Time delay, Quick Exhaust, Twin pressure and shuttle valves, Non-return valve (NRV), Pilot-operated check valves. Pneumatic Actuators, Classification and Types of Cylinders, Cushioning, Seals, ISO symbols and Applications

Electro-pneumatic circuits; switches (toggle and detent), relays, switch mode power supply (SMPS). Development of single and multiple actuator circuits, Direct and indirect actuation, speed control of cylinders, Signal Processing Elements.

Hydraulics Engineering

Introduction to Hydraulics, Pressure Measurement: Absolute, Gauge &Vacuum Pressure, Pascal's law, Hydrostatic law, Hydrostatic Static Forces on Submerged Bodies: Flat surface & Curved Surface, Buoyancy and Floatation: Archimedes's Principle, Metacenter.

Fluid Kinematics: Types of Fluid Flow, Flow rate & Continuity Equation, Fluid Dynamics: Euler's Equation, Bernoulli's theorem and Application of Bernoulli's theorem.

Flow in Pipes & Losses: Major losses & Minor losses.

Hydraulic Cylinders: Single acting, Double Acting, Special Cylinders: Special, Rod less, Telescopic. Fluid power Actuators: Linear & Rotary Actuators. Hydraulic Pumps and its type. Hydraulic Oils: Types, Properties and applications. Hydraulic Motors: Gear Motors, LSHT Motors, Multi stroke axial piston motors, Multi stroke radial piston motors, Variable Displacement Radial piston motors.

Mechatronics

Mechatronics and its scope: Basic Structure and Evolution, Introduction of Transducer & Sensor: Displacement, Pressure, Flow, Level and Temperature Measurements.

Signal conditioning: amplification and filtering.

PC based Control: Smart Sensor, Data Acquisition System, PLC, SCADA, DCS and HMI System. Mechanical actuation system- Kinematic chains, cams, gear-trains, Ratchet & Pawl, dampers, Bearings.

Closed loop Controllers: Performance Specifications, Delayed First and Second order system, PID Controller, ZN Tuning.

Case Studies of Mechatronic Systems: Industrial Robot, Automobile Engine Control, Vehicle Suspension Control, MEMS, CNC Machine, Gyro system, 3-D Printer.

MATLAB

Basics of MATLAB matrices and vectors, matrix and array operations, Saving and loading data, plotting simple graphs, scripts and functions, Script files, Function files, Global Variables, Loops, Branches, Control flow, Advanced data objects, Multi-dimensional matrices, Structures, Applications in linear algebra curve fitting and interpolation. Numerical integration, Ordinary differential equation. Simulink: Idea about simulink, problems based on simulink.

Robotics

Manipulator kinematics ,Transformations, D-H parameters, Inverse Kinematics of manipulators, jacobian concept for differential velocity, singularity and workspace analysis, Manipulator Dynamics ,Trajectory planning concept, Basic robot control , Path planning algorithms for wheeled robot, industrial automation

Artificial Intelligence

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence: Definition and history of AI, Applications and ethical considerations, Problem-solving and intelligent agents

Search Techniques: Uninformed search strategies: BFS, DFS, Informed search strategies: A*, Greedy, Optimization techniques and local search (e.g., Hill Climbing, Simulated Annealing)

Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Logical agents and propositional logic, First-order logic and inference, Ontologies and semantic networks, Probabilistic reasoning (Bayesian networks, Markov models)

Machine Learning: Supervised learning (e.g., regression, classification), Unsupervised learning (e.g., clustering, dimensionality reduction), Reinforcement learning basics, Evaluation, and validation techniques

Neural Networks and Deep Learning: Basics of neural networks, Feedforward, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and transformers, Applications: image recognition, NLP, generative models

Natural Language Processing (NLP): Text preprocessing and tokenization, Sentiment analysis and topic modelling, Sequence-to-sequence models, Chatbots and language generation

Computer Vision: Image Formation and Representation (Basic optics, color models, camera models) Sampling and Quantization, Geometric Transformations (e.g., Scaling, Rotation, Translation), Image Processing Fundamentals (Filtering and Convolution), Edge Detection (Sobel, Canny, Laplacian), Histogram Equalization and Contrast Enhancement, Segmentation (e.g., threshold-based, edge based, region based), Feature Descriptors (e.g., LBP, HOG, SIFT, Moments, shape invariants), Classification Principles, 3D Vision (Stereopsis, Fundamental matrix, Stereo correspondence algorithms, Shape from X)

Data Analytics: Overview and Importance of Data Analytics, Types of Data Analytics(Descriptive, Diagnostic, Predictive, Prescriptive), Data Analytics Workflow and Lifecycle, Data Preprocessing (Data cleaning, Data transformation, Data integration, Exploratory data analysis), Data Visualization (Principles, tools, common visualization types), Databases and SQL (Relational database, basic SQL, Advanced SQL, NoSQL), Big Data Analytics (Introduction to Big Data and Hadoop Ecosystem, Apache Spark for Data Analytics, Cloud Platforms: AWS, Google Cloud, Azure, Data Streaming: Kafka, Flink)

Internet of Things: Introduction to IoT, Definition and Evolution of IoT, Applications of IoT (Smart Homes, Healthcare, Agriculture, Industry 4.0, etc.), IoT Ecosystem and Market Trends, Challenges in IoT Development, IoT Architecture and Protocols, Sensors and Actuators

Types of Sensors (Temperature, Proximity, Light, Pressure, etc.), IoT Connectivity and Networking, IoT Data Management, Data Collection, Storage, and Analysis, Time Series Databases for IoT, Data Visualization Tools (Grafana, Power BI)

AI Ethics and Future Trends: Bias, fairness, and transparency in AI, Explainable AI (XAI), The future of AI in society

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Research Methodology:

Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research,

Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology,

Elements/Types of Analysis, Statistics in Research, Measures of Central Tendency,

Chi-square as a Test for Comparing Variance, Chi-square as a Non-parametric Test, Steps Involved in Applying Chi-square Test,

Growth of Multivariate Techniques, Characteristics and Applications, Classification of Multivariate Techniques, Variables in Multivariate Analysis, Important Multivariate Techniques,

Subject:

Applied Mechanics and Design

Engineering Mechanics: Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of particles and of rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations, collisions.

Mechanics of Materials: Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio; Mohr's circle for plane stress and plane strain; thin cylinders.

Theory of Machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of linkages; cams, gears and gear trains; flywheels and governors; balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses; gyroscope

Machine Design: Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded joints; shafts, gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches, springs.

Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences

Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances, behavior of ideal and real gases; zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics, calculation of work and heat in variousprocesses; second law of thermodynamics; thermodynamic property charts and tables, availability and irreversibility; thermodynamic relations.

Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties; fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy, forces on submerged bodies, stability of floating bodies; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum; Bernoulli's equation; dimensional analysis; viscous flow of incompressible fluids, boundary layer, elementary turbulent flow, flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends and fittings.

Power Engineering: Air and gas compressors; vapour and gas power cycles, concepts of regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel and dual cycles. Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Vapour and gas refrigeration and heat pump cycles; properties of moist air, psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes. Turbo machinery: Impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams, Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines.

Materials, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering

Engineering Materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials.

Casting, Forming and Joining Processes: Different types of castings, design of patterns, moulds and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design. Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder metallurgy. Principles of welding, brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding.

Machining and Machine Tool Operations: Mechanics of machining; basic machine tools; single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditionalmachining processes; principles of work holding, design of jigs and fixtures.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools.

Production Planning and Control: Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials requirement planning.

Inventory Control: Deterministic models; safety stock inventory control systems.

Operations Research: Linear programming, simplex method, transportation, assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT andCPM.

BIOSCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Research Methodology:

Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research,

Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology,

Elements/Types of Analysis, Statistics in Research, Measures of Central Tendency,

Chi-square as a Test for Comparing Variance, Chi-square as a Non-parametric Test, Steps Involved in Applying Chi-square Test,

Growth of Multivariate Techniques, Characteristics and Applications, Classification of Multivariate Techniques, Variables in Multivariate Analysis, Important Multivariate Techniques,

Subject:

1. Diversity of Life forms.

2. Biochemistry and Biophysics.

3. Cell and Molecular Biology.

4. Genetics.

5. Plant Physiology.

6. Animal Physiology.

7. Developmental Biology.

8. Immunology.

9. Analytical Techniques and Methods in Biology.

10. rDNA Technology.

11. Applied Biology.

12. Ecology and Evolution.

DIVERSITY OF LIFE FORMS

Taxonomy: Concepts of species and hierarchical taxa, biological nomenclature, classical and quantitative methods of taxonomy of microbes plants and animals. Important criteria used for classification in each taxon. Classification of plants, animals.

Structural organization in living organisms: Unicellular, colonial and multicellular forms. Levels of organization of tissues, organs and systems. Comparative anatomy, adaptive radiation, adaptive modifications.

Bacteria: General features, structural organisation, nutrition, growth, respiration and reproduction, Methanogens and Methylotrophs, Chemolithotrophs, Phototrophs, Sulphur reducing bacteria, Archaebacteria

Virus: Nature of viruses, organisation of virion, animal, plant and bacterial viruses, virus replication, cultivation of viruses and virulence factor, serology

Natural history of Indian subcontinent: Major habitat types of the subcontinent, geographic origins and migrations of species. Common Indian mammals, birds. Seasonality and phenology of the subcontinent.

Economically important organisms: Common parasites and pathogens of humans, domestic animals and crops.

BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS

Biomolecules: Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds. Hydrogen bonding and structure of water molecule, lonization of water, pH and colligative properties of water. Composition, structure and function of biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins). Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids nucleotides and vitamins.

Stablizing interactions: Van der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, etc.

Principles of biophysical chemistry: pH, buffer, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, colligative properties.

Bioenergetics: First and second law of thermodynamics, concept of free energy, change in standard free energy, ATP and its hydrolysis, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, coupled reaction, group transfer, biological energy transducers.

Enzymology: Principles of catalysis, enzymes and enzyme kinetics, enzyme regulation, mechanism of enzyme catalysis, isozymes, enzyme technology, immobilization of enzymes, industrial application.

Confirmation of proteins: Ramachandran plot, Alpha-helix, Beta sheet, Helix-coil transitions.

Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, de novo and salvage pathway, various confirmations of nucleotides, glycosidic bond rotation, base-stacking

Mechano-Chemical Process: Molecular structure of muscle-Actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin, Muscle Contraction.

Ion-channels, Action Potential and propagation of neuronal computation through nerve fibre

CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Membrane structure and function: Structure of model membrane, lipid bilayer and membrane protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active transport, membrane pumps, mechanism of sorting and regulation of intracellular transport,electrical properties of membranes).

Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles: (Cell wall, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, plastids, vacuoles, chloroplast, structure & function of cytoskeleton and its role in motility).

Organization of genes and chromosomes: Operon concept, unique and repetitive DNA, interrupted genes, gene families, structure of chromatin and chromosomes, heterochromatin, euchromatin, transposons. C Value paradox.

Cell division and cell cycle: Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, regulation and control of cell cycle.

DNA replication, repair and recombination (Unit of replication, enzymes involved, replication origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication, extrachromosomal replicons, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination).

RNA synthesis and processing (transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation complex, transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, capping, elongation, and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, and polyadenylation, structure and function of different types of RNA, RNA transport).

Protein synthesis and processing (Ribosome, formation of initiation complex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, and translational proof-reading, translational inhibitors, Post- translational modification of proteins).

Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level: regulating the expression of phages, viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, role of chromatin in gene expression and gene silencing.

Cell signaling: autocrine, paracrine and endocrine stimulation, Signalling via G-protein linked cell-surface receptors, adenylate cyclase system, inositol phosphate pathway, role of Ca2+ -ions, Signalling via enzyme-linked surface receptors, tyrosine kinases.

GENETICS

Mendelian Genetics: Monohybrid cross, Dihybrid cross, Law of Segregation, Law of independent assortment, Back cross, test cross, Deviations of Mendelism

Linkage and Crossing over: Tetrad analysis, mapping of gene order and centromere location in fungi.

Sex determination and sex linkage: Chromosome and gender, sex determination, sex determination, dosage compensation, sex linkage

Extra chromosomal inheritance: Extranuclear inheritance of organelles, mitrocondrial DNA, chloroplastic DNA, Kappa particle in Paramacium, maternal effects in shell coiling in snails

Variation in chromosome structure: Origin, cytology, effect and uses of structural chromosomal aberrations : translocations, inversions, duplications, deficiencies and their role in evolution and genotypic and phenotypic variations.

Variation in chromosome number: Euploidy, origin, cytology, genetics of haploids, haploids in agriculture. Polyploid-types, origin, cytology, genetics and genome analysis. Aneuploids - Terminology and chromosome formula, origin, cytology, genetics, transmission, effect and uses of Monosomics, trisomics and nullisomics.

The gene concept: genetic and biochemical view, complementation test. Genetic code, Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Mutations, Transposable genetic elements

Population genetics - Populations, Gene pool, Gene frequency; Hardy-Weinberg Law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through natural selection, migration and random genetic drift; Adaptive radiation; Isolating mechanisms; Speciation; Allopatricity and Sympatricity; Convergent evolution; Sexual selection; Co-evolution.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Photosynthesis: Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport; photoprotective mechanisms; CO2 fixation-C3, C4 and CAM pathways.

Respiration and photorespiration: Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory pathway.

Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid biosynthesis.

Plant hormones: Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport; physiological effects and mechanisms of action.

Sensory photobiology: Structure, function and mechanisms of action of phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological clocks.

Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: uptake, transport and translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration; mechanisms of loading and unloading of photoassimilates.

Secondary metabolites: Biosynthesis of terpenes, phenols and nitrogenous compounds and their roles.

Stress physiology: Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature and salt) stresses.

ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

Blood and circulation: Blood corpuscles, haemopoiesis and formed elements, plasma function, blood volume, blood volume regulation, blood groups, haemoglobin, immunity, haemostasis.

Cardiovascular System: Comparative anatomy of heart structure, myogenic heart, specialized tissue, ECG - its principle and significance, cardiac cycle, heart as a pump, blood pressure, neural and chemical regulation of all above.

Respiratory system: Comparison of respiration in different species, anatomical considerations, transport of gases, exchange of gases, waste elimination, neural and chemical regulation of respiration.

Nervous system: Neurons, action potential, gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system, neural control of muscle tone and posture.

Sense organs: Vision, hearing and tactile response.

Excretory system: Comparative physiology of excretion, kidney, urine formation, urine concentration, waste elimination, micturition, regulation of water balance, blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance.

Thermoregulation: Comfort zone, body temperature - physical, chemical, neural regulation, acclimatization.

Stress and adaptation

Digestive system: Digestion, absorption, energy balance, BMR.

Endocrinology and reproduction: Endocrine glands, basic mechanism of hormone action, hormones and diseases; reproductive processes, gametogenesis, ovulation, neuroendocrine regulation

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Basic concepts of development: Potency, commitment, specification, induction, competence, determination and differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and cell lineages; stem cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants; imprinting; mutants and transgenics in analysis of development

Gametogenesis, fertilization and early development: Production of gametes, cell surface molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals; embryo sac development and double fertilization in plants; zygote formation, cleavage, blastula formation, embryonic fields, gastrulation and formation of germ layers in animals; embryogenesis, establishment of symmetry in plants; seed formation and germination.

Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals: Cell aggregation and differentiation in Dictyostelium; axes and pattern formation in Drosophila, amphibia and chick; organogenesis - vulva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans, eye lens induction, limb development and regeneration in vertebrates; differentiation of neurons, post embryonic development- larval formation, metamorphosis; environmental regulation of normal development; sex determination.

Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot and root apical meristem; shoot and root development; leaf development and phyllotaxy; transition to flowering, floral meristems and floral development in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum

IMMUNOLOGY

Basic concepts of immunology: Specific and nonspecific defense mechanisms (innate and acquired immunity), organs and cells of immune system.

Antigen and Antigenicity: Concept of immunogens, antigens, heptans, mitogens and superantigens. Properties of antigens, cross reactivity, special group of antigens: bacterial antigens, viral antigens, cell surface antigens (MHC), autoantigens, isoantigens and frossman antigens (Heterophilic antigens).

Immunoglobulins: Structure and properties of immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin isotypes and their sigificance, immunoglobulins as antigens : isotypes, allotypes and idiotypes.

Complement System.

Hybrid and Chimeric monoclonal antibodies, catalytic antibodies

Surface plasmon resonance, Biosensor assay for assessing ligand-receptor interaction.

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND METHODS IN BIOLOGY

Chromatographic methods for macromolecule separation- TLC and Paper chromatography, gel permeation; ion exchange; hydrophobic, Reverse-phase and Affinity chromatography; HPLC, FPLC and GLC.

Electrophoretic techniques: Theory and application of polyacrylamide and agarose gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis; 2D electrophoresis; Disc gel electrophoresis; Gradient electrophoresis; Pulse field gel electrophoresis, Isoelecric focusing.

Microscopy: Microscope and its modifications- Light, Phase contrast and interference, Fluorescence, Confocal, Electron (TEM and SEM), Electron tunneling and Atomic Force Microscopy

Centrifugation: Basic principle and theory, Types of centrifuges- Micro centrifuge, High speed and Ultracentrifuges; Preparative centrifugation, differential and density gradient centrifugation. Analytical centrifugation and its applications.

Spectroscopy: Principle, instrumentation applications in biological sciences: UV-visible spectrophotometry Florometry and Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Principle and application of NMR, X-ray crystallography, API-electrospray, mass spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF, Circular Dichroism

Radioactivity: Radioactive and stable isotopes; Pattern and rate of radioactive decay; Measurement of radioactivity; Geiger-Muller counter; solid and liquid scintillation counters (Basic principal, instrumentation and technique); brief idea of radiation dosimetry; Cerenkov radiation; autoradiography.

Bioinformatics: Introduction of computers: Basic components and their functions, hardware and software, Input-Output devices. Basic concepts about data and information, Representation of data in computers in binary, bits and bytes, Biological Databases

Statisitcal Methods: Measures of central tendency and dispersal; probability distributions (Binomial, Poisson and normal); Sampling distribution; Difference between parametric and non-parametric statistics; Confidence Interval; Errors; Levels and test of significance; Regression and Correlation; t-test; Analysis of variance.

Methods in field biology: Methods of estimating population density of animals and plants, ranging patterns through direct, indirect and remote observations, sampling methods in the study of behavior, habitat characterization: ground and remote sensing methods.

Plant and Animal tissue culture techniques: Tissue and cell culture methods for plants and animals, Basic aspetic techniques used for cell and tissue culture, Properties of media, balanced salt solutions, Natural media, Synthetic Media, Complex media, Concept and Preservation of cell lines: cryopreservation, cell banks, transporting cells. Somatic Hybridization, Hybridoma technology.

rDNA TECHNOLOGY

Introduction and historical background of genetic engineering, basic patent rules, ethical issues and biosafety guidelines.

Tools in rDNA technology: Isolation of genomic DNA, RNA from prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Isolation of Bacteriophage DNA and plasmid DNA., restriction enzymes, ligases and other enzymes, extraction and analysis of mRNA from eukaryotic cells, synthesis and cloning of cDNA, construction of genomic library, identification and analysis of recombinant clones, DNA primer and probe.

Cloning Vectors: Plasmids; structural and functional organization, replication, classification, incompatibility groups. Examples of plasmid vectors: pBR322 and pUC series of vectors, shuttle vectors, Phages; Development of phage based vectors, insertion and replacement vectors, M13 and P2 phage based vectors, High capacity vectors; Cosmids, phagemid, phasemid, YAC, BAC.

Human Genome Project: Importance, history and current status.

APPLIED BIOLOGY

Genetic engineering: Transgenic animals and plants, molecular approaches to diagnosis and strain identification.

Chloroplast engineering; gene containment. Biotransformation using plant cells.

Breeding: Breeding in plants and animals, including marker - assisted selection

Metabolic engineering and industrial products: Biotechnological innovation in pharmaceutical, health, agriculture and industrial sectors General strategy towards production of plant cell products. Microbial fermentation and production of small and macro molecules, Isolation and screening of industrially important microbes, Improvement of strains, Industrial production of various metabolites with special example of antibiotics, organic acids and alcohol, Biopolymers (-PHB, Xanthum gum), Industrial production of Biofuel, steroids and single cell protein, Genetic engineering for food and additives, Edible vaccines, Single cell protein production, cultivation of edible fungi-Mushroom. Biosensors (NH4, Sulphide) and Biofilms.

Application in agriculture sector: Biofertilizers (Rhizobium and BGA). Role of nif genes in Biological Nitrogen fixation, Biopesticides (Bt toxin)

Quality control of food: Detection systems, enzyme immunoassay and Radioimmunoassay.

Microbes in the disposal of sewage: sewage treatment processes, sewage water and transmission of diseases, indicator organisms.

ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION

Environment: Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic and abiotic interactions.

Habitat and Niche: Concept of habitat and niche.

Population Ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population regulation; life history strategies (r and K selection); concept of metapopulation - demes and dispersal, interdemic extinctions, age structured populations.

Species Interactions: Types of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory, pollination, symbiosis.

Community Ecology: Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of species diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones.

Succession: Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of climax.

Ecosystem Ecology: Ecosystem structure; function; energy flow and mineral cycling (C, N, P); primary production and decomposition; structure and function of some Indian ecosystems: terrestrial (forest, grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, eustarine).

Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography; biogeographical zones of India.

Applied Ecology: Environmental pollution; global environmental change; biodiversity: status, monitoring and documentation; major drivers of biodiversity change; biodiversity management approaches.

Conservation Biology: Conservation strategies. Rare, endangered species, major approaches to management, Indian case studies on conservation/management strategy (Project Tiger, Biosphere reserves).

Emergence of evolutionary thoughts: Lamarck; Darwin-concepts of variation, adaptation, struggle, fitness and natural selection; Spontaneity of mutations; The evolutionary synthesis.

Origin of Life: Origin of basic biological molecules; Abiotic synthesis of organic monomers and polymers; Concept of Oparin and Haldane; Experiment of Miller (1953); The first cell; Evolution of prokaryotes; Origin of eukaryotic cells; Evolution of unicellular eukaryotes; Anaerobic metabolism, photosynthesis and aerobic metabolism.

Paleontology and Evolutionary History: The evolutionary time scale; Eras, periods and epoch; Major events in the evolutionary time scale; Origins of unicellular and multi cellular organisms; Major groups of plants and animals; Stages in primate evolution including Homo.

Molecular Evolution: Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence and molecular clocks; Molecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification; Protein and nucleotide sequence analysis; origin of new genes and proteins; Gene duplication and divergence.

BIOINFORMATICS

Research Methodology:

Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research,

Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology,

Elements/Types of Analysis, Statistics in Research, Measures of Central Tendency,

Chi-square as a Test for Comparing Variance, Chi-square as a Non-parametric Test, Steps Involved in Applying Chi-square Test,

Growth of Multivariate Techniques, Characteristics and Applications, Classification of Multivariate Techniques, Variables in Multivariate Analysis, Important Multivariate Techniques,

Subject:

Structural Biology: Structure and conformations of Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and Proteins Ramachandran plot, Protein structure comparison, Classification of three-dimensional structure of protein, motifs, folds and domains, Structure visualization, protein structure - function from relation, Molecular interactions, Forces that stabilize bimolecular structure and interaction. Computational methods of biomolecular structure prediction and analysis.

Cell and Molecular Biology: Ultra structure of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells and their genome architecture. Compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells, Cell membranes, transport across the cell membrane, Cell organelles (mitochondrion, chloroplasts, Endoplasmic reticula, Trans Golgi Netw Networks etc.), The Nucleus, Expression and Regulation of Genes in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Cellular behavior, Cell Signaling, Cell-Cell interactions & Signal transduction, sorting and targeting of proteins (vesicular transport), Cell reproduction cell cycle and its regulations, apoptosis and Cancer Biology.

Genomics and Proteomics: Genome sequencing, Genome comparison & analysis, Global expression analysis, Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), Technique of Microarray, Functional and comparative genomics, Molecular markers, Expressed sequence tags, Single nucleotide polymorphisms, evolution of genomes.

Proteomics, Protein profiling, Peptide sequencing, 2D-gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry in proteomics. Peptide mass fingerprints.

Computer Aided Drug Designing: Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Molecular descriptors, QSAR, Structure and ligand based drug design, Docking methodologies, Pharmacophore modeling, Chemoinformatics.

Computational Biology: Biological databases, Sequence alignment, Scoring matrices, Multiple sequence alignment, Gene finding methods, Markov chain, Hidden markov models, Molecular modeling, Phylogeny, Systems biology, Metabolomics, Gene regulatory network, Natural evolution and evolutionary algorithm, Evolutionary models.

Computer Science: Scientific computing, Operating systems, Compilers, Interpreters, High performance Computing. Computer programming flowchart and algorithms. Concept of data structures, linear link list, Importance of stack and queue, Binary tree, Introduction to graphs. Basic understanding of programming languages, C, Perl, Python. Data base system concepts and architecture, Data modeling using entity relationship model, Relational data base design, Distributed database systems.

Basic Mathematics and Statistics: Arithmetic and geometrical progressions, Sequences and series, Permutation and combination, Logarithms, Matrices, Eigen values and Eigen vectors, Co-ordinate Geometry, Differential calculus, Concept of variable, Correlation and Regression, Theory of probability, conditional probability, Bayes theorem, Testing of hypothesis, Design of experiment, Cluster analysis, Principle component analysis.

CHEMISTRY

Research Methodology:

Definition, objectives and importance of research.

Research: Meaning, characteristics and types; Steps of research; Methods of research;

Identification of problems, Considerations in selection of problem,

Review of literature, Research objectives, Ethics; Paper, article, workshop, seminar, conference and symposium.

Research problem, reviews, variables, hypotheses, sampling and sampling methods, research design.

Primary and secondary data, methods of data collection.

Formal style of writing: Thesis and research papers writing: their characteristics and format, bibliography and references.

Data analysis: tabular and graphical presentation of data.

Measures of central tendency, dispersion, probability, parametric and non parametric test, tests of significance, significance of difference between means - t- test, Z- test, analysis of variance, Correlation, Chi - square test.

Subject:

Inorganic Chemistry

1. Chemical periodicity.

2. Structure and bonding in homo- and hetero-nuclear molecules including shapes of molecules (VSEPR Theory).

3. Concepts of acids and bases, Hard-Soft acid base concept, Non-aqueous solvents.

4. Main group elements and their compounds: Allotropy, synthesis, structure and bonding, industrial importance of the compounds.

5. Transition elements and coordination compounds: structure, bonding theories, spectral and magnetic properties, reaction mechanisms.

6. Inner transition elements: spectral and magnetic properties, redox chemistry, analytical applications.

7. Organometallic compounds: synthesis, bonding and structure, and reactivity. Organometallics in homogeneous catalysis.

8. Cages and metal clusters.

9. Nuclear chemistry: nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, radio-analytical techniques and activation analysis.

10. Analytical chemistry- separation, spectroscopic, electro- and thermoanalytical methods.

11. Bioinorganic chemistry: photosystems, porphyrins, metalloenzymes, oxygen transport, electron- transfer reactions; nitrogen fixation, metal complexes in medicine.

12. Supramolecular chemistry.

13. Environmental chemistry

14. Chemistry in nanoscience and technology.

15. Characterisation of inorganic compounds by IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, Mössbauer, UV-vis, NQR, MS, electron spectroscopy and microscopic techniques.

Organic Chemistry

1. IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers.

2. Principles of stereochemistry: Configurational and conformational isomerism in acyclic and cyclic compounds; stereogenicity, stereoselectivity, enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity and asymmetric induction.

3. Aromaticity: Benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds - generation and reactions. Organic reactive intermediates: Generation, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes

4. Organic reaction mechanisms involving addition, elimination and substitution reactions with electrophilic, nucleophilic or radical species. Determination of reaction pathways.

5. Common named reactions and rearrangements - applications in organic synthesis.

6. Organic transformations and reagents: Functional group interconversion including oxidations and reductions; common catalysts and reagents (organic, inorganic, organometallic and enzymatic). Chemo, regio and stereoselective transformations. Concepts in organic synthesis: Retrosynthesis, disconnection, synthons, linear and convergent synthesis, umpolung of reactivity and protecting groups.

7. Asymmetric synthesis: Chiral auxiliaries, methods of asymmetric induction - substrate, reagent and catalyst controlled reactions; determination of enantiomeric and diastereomeric excess; enantio-discrimination. Resolution - optical and kinetic.

8. Pericyclic reactions - electrocyclisation, cycloaddition, sigmatropic rearrangements and other related concerted reactions. Principles and applications of photochemical reactions in organic chemistry.

9. Synthesis and reactivity of common heterocyclic compounds containing one or two heteroatoms (O, N, S).

10. Chemistry of natural products: Carbohydrates, proteins and peptides, fatty acids, nucleic acids, terpenes, steroids and alkaloids. Biogenesis of terpenoids and alkaloids.

11. Catalysis and green chemistry.

12. Medicinal chemistry.

13. Structure determination of organic compounds by IR, UV-Vis, 1H & 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopic techniques

Physical Chemistry:

1. Basic principles of quantum mechanics: Postulates; operator algebra; exactly-solvable systems: particle-in-a- box, harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom, including shapes of atomic orbitals; orbital and spin angular momenta; tunneling.

2. Approximate methods of quantum mechanics: Variational principle; perturbation theory up to second order in energy; applications.

3. Atomic structure and spectroscopy; term symbols; many-electron systems and antisymmetry principle.

4. Chemical bonding in diatomics; elementary concepts of MO and VB theories; Huckel theory for conjugated π-electron systems.

5. Chemical applications of group theory; symmetry elements; point groups; character tables; selection rules.

6. Molecular spectroscopy: Rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic spectra; IR and Raman activities - selection rules; basic principles of magnetic resonance.

7. Chemical thermodynamics: Laws, state and path functions and their applications; thermodynamic description of various types of processes; Maxwell's relations; spontaneity and equilibria; temperature and pressure dependence of thermodynamic quantities; Le Chatelier principle; elementary description of phase transitions; phase equilibria and phase rule; thermodynamics of ideal and non-ideal gases, and solutions.

8. Statistical thermodynamics: Boltzmann distribution; kinetic theory of gases; partition functions and their relation to thermodynamic quantities - calculations for model systems.

9. Electrochemistry: Nernst equation, redox systems, electrochemical cells; Debye-Huckel theory; electrolytic conductance - Kohlrausch's law and its applications; ionic equilibria; conductometric and potentiometric titrations.

10. Chemical kinetics: Empirical rate laws and temperature dependence; complex reactions; steady state approximation; determination of reaction mechanisms; collision and transition state theories of rate constants; unimolecular reactions; enzyme kinetics; salt effects; homogeneous catalysis; photochemical reactions.

11. Colloids and surfaces: Stability and properties of colloids; isotherms and surface area; heterogeneous catalysis.

12. Solid state: Crystal structures; Bragg's law and applications; band structure of solids.

13. Polymer chemistry: Molar masses; kinetics of polymerization.

14. Data analysis: Mean and standard deviation; absolute and relative errors; linear regression; covariance and correlation coefficient.

PHARMACY

Research Methodology:

Definition, objectives and importance of research.

Research: Meaning, characteristics and types; Steps of research; Methods of research;

Identification of problems, Considerations in selection of problem,

Review of literature, Research objectives, Ethics; Paper, article, workshop, seminar, conference and symposium.

Research problem, reviews, variables, hypotheses, sampling and sampling methods, research design.

Primary and secondary data, methods of data collection.

Formal style of writing: Thesis and research papers writing: their characteristics and format, bibliography and references.

Data analysis: tabular and graphical presentation of data.

Subject:

Organic chemistry: Chemistry of the following name reactions: Birch reduction, Benzil-benzilic acid rearrangement, Friedel-Crafts reaction, Free radical rearrangement, Grignard reaction, Gattermann-Koch reaction, Mannich reaction, Michael reaction, Pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement, Sandmeyer reaction and Vilsmeier reaction.

Basic concepts of stereochemistry.

Pharmacology and Medicinal chemistry: Types of receptors, drug-receptor interaction including signal transduction, mechanism, drug action and adverse drug reactions. General pathways of drug metabolism, basic concepts and application of prodrug design. Mechanism of

action, structure activity relationship and pharmacology of: anticancer, anti-epileptic, antiparkinson, sedatives, hypnotics, NSAIDs, ANS and CVS drugs.

Spectroscopic techniques: Introduction, instrumentation, basic principle, interpretation of spectra and applications of UV-visible spectroscopy, Infra-red spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy

and Mass spectrometery in pharmacy.

Chromatographic techniques: Introduction, instrumentation, basic principle and applications of paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, column chromatography, affinity chromatography, GC, HPLC and HPTLC in pharmacy.

Preformulation studies: Introduction, goals of preformulation, physicochemical properties, criteria for selection of drug and excipients, compatibility tests.

Pharmaceutics and drug delivery systems: Drug absorption, distribution, biotransformation

and excretion, strategies and approaches for designing drug delivery systems, sustained and controlled drug delivery systems.

Quality assurance: Concept of total quality management, requirements of GMP, GLP, GCP, regulatory requirements of drugs and pharmaceuticals.

Pharmacogostical studies: General methods of extraction, isolation, purification and preliminary phytochemical screening methods. Factors affecting cultivation, collection, processing and storage of crude drugs. Pharmacognostic study of drugs under glycosides and alkaloids. Organoleptic evaluation of crude drugs.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Research Methodology:

Objective, meaning and types of research; Various approaches to research; Research process and criteria of good research. Selecting and defining a problem; Techniques involved in defining a research problem. Meaning and need of research design; Features of good design; Different types of research design; Principles of experimental designs.

Sample design; Measurement and scaling techniques; Methods of data collection; Processing and analysis of data; Fundamentals of sampling; Research hypothesis and it's testing; Chi-square test; Analysis of variance and covariance; Multivariate analysis techniques; Interpretation and report writing; Role of computers in research.

Recommended books:

1. Kothari, C. R. & Garg, G. (2019). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International.

2. Panneerselvam, R. (2014). Research Methodology. Eastern Economy Edition.

3. Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and analysis of experiments. John Wiley & Sons.

Subject:

1. Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigenvectors.

Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Taylor series, Mean value theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems.

Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation.

Complex variables: Complex number, polar form of complex number, triangle inequality.

Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distributions, Linear regression analysis.

Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations. Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule. Single and multi-step methods for numerical solution of differential equations.

2. Process Calculations and Thermodynamics

Steady and unsteady state mass and energy balances including multiphase, multicomponent, reacting and non-reacting systems. Use of tie components; recycle, bypass and purge calculations; Gibb's phase rule and degree of freedom analysis.

First and Second laws of thermodynamics. Applications of first law to close and open systems. Second law and Entropy. Thermodynamic properties of pure substances: Equation of State and residual properties, properties of mixtures: partial molar properties, fugacity, excess properties and activity coefficients; phase equilibria: predicting VLE of systems; chemical reaction equilibrium.

3. Fluid Mechanics and Mechanical Operations

Fluid statics, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, shell-balances including differential form of Bernoulli equation and energy balance, Macroscopic friction factors, dimensional analysis and similitude, flow through pipeline systems, flow meters, pumps and compressors, elementary boundary layer theory, flow past immersed bodies including packed and fluidized beds, Turbulent flow: fluctuating velocity, universal velocity profile and pressure drop.

Particle size and shape, particle size distribution, size reduction and classification of solid particles; free and hindered settling; centrifuge and cyclones; thickening and classification, filtration, agitation and mixing; conveying of solids.

4. Heat Transfer

Steady and unsteady heat conduction, convection and radiation, thermal boundary layer and heat transfer coefficients, boiling, condensation and evaporation; types of heat exchangers and evaporators and their process calculations. Design of double pipe, shell and tube heat exchangers, and single and multiple effect evaporators.

5. Mass Transfer

Fick's laws, molecular diffusion in fluids, mass transfer coefficients, film, penetration and surface renewal theories; momentum, heat and mass transfer analogies; stage-wise and continuous contacting and stage efficiencies; HTU & NTU concepts; design and operation of equipment for distillation, absorption, leaching, liquid-liquid extraction, drying, humidification, dehumidification and adsorption.

6. Chemical Reaction Engineering

Theories of reaction rates; kinetics of homogeneous reactions, interpretation of kinetic data, single and multiple reactions in ideal reactors, non-ideal reactors; residence time distribution, single parameter model; non-isothermal reactors; kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions; diffusion effects in catalysis.

7. Instrumentation and Process Control

Measurement of process variables; sensors, transducers and their dynamics, process modeling and linearization, transfer functions and dynamic responses of various systems, systems with inverse response, process reaction curve, controller modes (P, PI, and PID); control valves; analysis of closed loop systems including stability, frequency response, controller tuning, cascade and feed forward control.

8. Plant Design and Economics

Principles of process economics and cost estimation including depreciation and total annualized cost, cost indices, rate of return, payback period, discounted cash flow, optimization in process design and sizing of chemical engineering equipments such as compressors, heat exchangers, multistage contactors.

9. Chemical Technology

Inorganic chemical industries (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chlor-alkali industry), fertilizers (Ammonia, Urea, SSP and TSP); natural products industries (Pulp and Paper, Sugar, Oil, and Fats); petroleum refining and petrochemicals; polymerization industries (polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC and polyester synthetic fibers).

MANAGEMENT

Research Aptitude:

Concept of research, need, ethics in research, formulating a research problem, types of research.

Types of hypotheses and formulation

Data collection, types of data

Tools of data collection - concept and rationale of various tools

Data interpretation- qualitative and quantitative data

Research promotion organizations in India, Writing a research paper

Subject:

Concept of Indian ethos and Indianity, Understanding Indian culture and psyche, Indian heritage for promoting managerial skills and developing organizational capacities, Women's issues in the Indian context in general and in Indian organizational context in particular.

Organization Behaviour

Evolution of Management thought. Departmentation, Span of Management, System and process of controlling.

Personality, Perception, Learning, Motivation, Leadership, Problem solving and decision making, Group dynamics, Conflict management.

Human Resource Management

Human Resource Planning, Recruitment & Selection, Employee training and Development, Mobility: Promotion, Demotion, Transfer and Separation Performance appraisal, Process and methods, MBO, Reward, Incentives, Fringe benefits.

Grievance and grievance handling procedure, Collective bargaining.

Financial Management

Basic concepts in Financial Statement. Techniques of Financial Analysis, Ratio Analysis., Investment Decision-Capital budgeting principles & techniques

Financing Decision, Leverages, Determinants of capital structure, Working capital Management, Structure & Functioning of Capital & Money Market. Financial Services

Marketing Management

Marketing Management Philosophies, Consumer Markets and buyer behaviour, Industrial Markets and buyer behavior, Market Segmentation targeting strategies, Marketing Mix strategies, Marketing Audit, Branding, Rural Marketing.

System, Analysis, Design And MIS

Using IT for competitive advantage, Business process & IS. Management Information System: Role of Information in Organizations and Management; Information management and decision-making, Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) and Reverse Engineering, Introduction to ERP, Decision Support System, Knowledge Management

Business Environment

Economic , Social, Political, Cultural and Legal environment of business

Operations and Strategy

Design of products and services; Facility location, Manufacturing systems and Facility layout. Event Management, Production planning and control Inventory Management and MRP. Quality Management: TQC & TQM,

Strategic Intent, Mission & purpose, Business definition, Strategic Management process, External Scanning, Internal Scanning. Strategic alternatives-Grand Strategies, Expansion, Stability, Retrenchment, Combination Strategy. Generic Strategies, Strategy formulation, Strategy Implementation, Strategic Evaluation and Control, Corporate governance and social responsibility

Entrepreneurship

Concept, Types of Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial traits and competencies Entrepreneurial Motivational training, MSMEs, Project formulation and implementation, Special Scheme for Women Entrepreneurs

COMMERCE

Research Aptitude:

Concept of research, need, ethics in research, formulating a research problem, types of research.

Types of hypotheses and formulation

Data collection, types of data

Tools of data collection - concept and rationale of various tools

Data interpretation- qualitative and quantitative data

Research promotion organizations in India, Writing a research paper

Subject:

1. Strategic Management :

Introduction to Strategic management, Fundamentals of Strategy, Purpose of Business, Goals and Objectives of Business, Vision and Mission Statements, Core Competencies of Business, Role of Strategists in Decision Making, strategists at various management levels, Types of Strategies, Limitations of Strategic Management, Strategy Analysis and its Importance, Environmental Appraisal and Scanning Techniques, Organisational Position and Strategic Advantage Profile, Strategic Management Model, Introduction to Strategy Formulation, Process in Strategy Formulation, Strategy Implementation and its Stages, Strategy Leadership and Strategy Implementation, Strategic Business Units (SBUs), Strategy Evaluation, Strategic Control, Concept of Synergy and its Meaning, Key Stakeholder's Expectations, Overview of Business Policies, Importance of Business Policies, Definitions of Policy, Procedures, Process and Programmes, Types of Policies, Corporate Culture. Business Strategies of MNCs, Recent Trends in Strategic Management

2. Ethics & Entrepreneurship:

Ethics: Introduction, Ethics and Values, Ethical Conduct and Unethical Conduct, Impact of Ethical Conduct; Conceptual definition of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship, Historical development of entrepreneurship, The importance of small business, Type of Entrepreneurship, Features and types of businesses and entrepreneurs. Innovation and entrepreneurship, Forms of entrepreneurial organization, Sources of capital, Entrepreneurial process, Entrepreneurial strategies, Franchising, Defining the business concept, Basics of Venture Marketing, Fundamentals of entrepreneurial management, Technical and technological analysis of entrepreneurial projects

3. Taxation:

Direct and Indirect tax laws in India: Indian Income Tax Act, 1961 as amended: Background and recent developments, Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act 2017 (G S T), The Central Goods and services Tax Act , Union territory Goods and Services Tax Act and Goods and Services Tax (compensation to states) Act 2017, The Customs Act 1962, Goods in transit , SEZ sections and drawback sections, Wealth Tax, Gift and Entertainment tax in India

4. Auditing:

Transaction Audit, Performance Audit: Theory & Practice; the nature of different types of government audit and their special features, performance audit and develop ability to plan and conduct it, Types of Audit: Audit of Grants-in-Aid, Audit of Autonomous Bodies, Audit of transactions, Separate Audit Reports Contents and procedure, Audit of Stores & Stocks, Audit of Debt, Deposit & Remittance, Audit of Contracts, Audit of Procurement Guarantee & Liquidated Damages, Audit of Public Works, Audit of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) & Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), Audit of transactions, Reporting: As per state acts, to Legislature, to Designated Authority. Principles of performance auditing, Planning stage, Implementation stage, Reporting stage, Follow-up stage, Quality assurance in performance audit

5. Company law & Secretarial Practices:

Company - Definition, Meaning, Nature and its Characteristics , Nature and Forms of Business, Types of Companies and their incorporation , Promoters - Meaning, Position, Duties, Rights, Responsibilities and Liabilities , Formation of Companies - Procedural Aspects , Memorandum of Association & Articles of Association and their Alteration, Contracts and Conversion of Companies, Commencement of Business, Doctrine of Ultra-Vires, Constructive Notice, Indoor Management, Alter Ego.

Concept of Capital and Financing of Companies- Sources of Capital; Classes and Types of Shares and their issue, Alteration of Share Capital- Reduction of Capital; Buy-Back of Shares, Prospectus- meaning and Statement in Lieu of Prospectus, Allotment and Certificates - General Principles and Statutory Provisions related to Allotment; Minimum Subscription; Irregular Allotment; Procedure of Issue of Share Certificates and Warrants

6. Business Environment:

An Introduction-Introduction, Concept of Business, Levels of the Business Environment, Economic Environment of Business, The Global Economic Environment, Economic Policies, Business and Economic Policies, Business and Society, Business and Culture , Indian Business Culture, Culture and Organizational Behavior, Political Environment and the Economic system, Types of Political Systems, Indian Constitution and Business, Changing Profile of Indian Economy , Capitalist Economy, Socialist Economy, Mixed Economy, Introduction, Regulatory Role of Government,

Privatization: Introduction, Meaning of Privatization, Objectives of Disinvestment, Privatization / Disinvestment in India, Problems with Privatization, Globalization: Introduction, Meaning of Globalization, Future of Globalization, Organizations to facilitate globalization

7. Corporate Governance and Business Ethics: Business Ethics:

Nature, scope and purpose of ethics, Corporate Governance and the Role of Board of Directors (BOD), Corporate Governance System Worldwide, Corporate Disclosure and Investor Protection in India, Social Responsibility of Corporate, Corporate Social Reporting, Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR), Business obligations, Social Audit and Corporate Governance

8. Accounting and Finance:

Introduction of Financial accounting, concepts and conventions, accounting terms and Preparation of financial statement, Introduction of costing, Ratios, Capital Budgeting, Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis.

Aviation

1. Aerodynamics and aircraft design

a. Aerodynamics forces and there effects

b. Aircraft structure and materials

c. Principle of flights

d. Propulsion system and engines

2. Global Climatology

a. Pressure system

b. Airmasses, winds, winds charts

c. Clouds and adiaobatic stability of atmosphere

d. Indian Climatology

e. Jet streams and frontal depressions

f. Climate change and aviation emissions

3. Aviation safety and regulations

a. International and national aviation regulations (DGCA, ICAO, FAA, EASA, IATA etc)

b. Safety management system

c. Global challenges in Aviation industry

d. Risk assessment and saftey audit process

4. Air traffic management and Navigation

a. Role of Navigation in air traffic control

b. Dead reckoning and position fixing

c. Autopilot system and it's role in civil Aviation

e. Radio communication failure

5. Human factors and Aviation management

a. Factors influencing situational awareness

b. Decision making in high stress situations

c. Human capabilities and limitations (physical, cognitive, and sensory)

d. Human error : type, causes and models (eg. Swiss cheese model)

e. Ground handling and operation management

EDUCATION

Part- A: Teaching and Research Aptitute:

The main objective is to assess the teaching and research capabilities of the candidates. Therefore, the test is aimed at assessing the teaching and general/research aptitude as well as their awareness. They are expected to possess and exhibit cognitive abilities. Cognitive abilities include comprehension, analysis, evaluation, understanding, the structure of arguments and deductive and inductive reasoning. The Candidates are also expected to have a general awareness and knowledge of sources of information. They should be aware of interaction between people, environment and natural resources and their impact on quality of life. The details are given in the following sections:

I. Teacher Aptitude

Teaching: Nature, objectives, characteristics and basic requirements;
Learner's characteristics;
Factors affecting teaching;
Methods of teaching'
Teaching aids'
Evaluation systems.

II Research Aptitute

Research: Meaning , characteristics and types;
Steps of research;
Methods of research;
Research Ethics;
Paper, article, workshop, seminar, conference and symposium;
Thesis writing; its characteristics and format.

III Reading Comprehension

A passage to be set with questions to be answered.

IV Communication

Communicatio: Nature, characteristics, types, barriers and effective classroom communication.

V Reasoning (Including Mathematical)

Number series; Letter series; codes;
Relationship; classification.

VI Logical Reasoning

Understanding the structure of arguments;
Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning;
Verbal analogies: Word analogy- Applied analogy;
Verbal classification;
Reasoning Logical Diagrams: Simple diagrammatic relationship, multidiagrammatic relationship;
Venn diagram; Analytical Reasoning.

VII Data Interpretation

Source, acquisition and interpretation of data;
Quantitative and qualitative data;
Graphical representation and mapping of data.

VIII Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

ICT: meaning, advantages, disadvantages and uses;
General abbreviations and terminology;
Basics of internet and e-mailing.

IX People and Environment

People and environment interaction;
Sources of pollution;
Pollutants and their impact on human life, exploitation of natural and energy resources;
Natural hazards and mitigation.

X Higher Education System: Governance, Polity and Administration

Structure of the institutions for higher learning and research in India; formal and distance education; professional/technical and general education; value education; governance, polity and administration; concept, institutions and their interaction.

Part-B

Subject:

Philosophical foundation of Education

Relationship of Education and Philosophy

Western Schools of Philosophy: Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, Existentialism, Marxmism with special reference to the concepts of knowledge, reality and values their educational implications for aims, contents and methods of education.

Indian Schools of Philosophy (Sankhya, Vedanta, Yoga, Nyaya Traditions)with special reference to the concept of knowledge, reality and values and their educational implications.

Contributions of Vivekananda, Tagore, Gandhi and Aurobindo to educational thinking.

National values as enshrined in the Indian Constitution, and their educational implications.

Philosophical Inquiry in Education: Nature and Scope, Steps, Philosophical inquiry of current educational issues.

Sociological Foundations of Education

Relationship of Sociology and Education

Meaning and nature of Educational sociology and Sociology of education

Education- as a social sub-system-specific characteristics

Education and the home

Education and the community with special reference to Indian society

Education and modernization

Education politics

Education and religion

Education and culture

Education and democracy

Socialization of the child

Meaning and nature of social change

Education as related to social stratification and social mobility

Education as related to social equity and equality of educational opportunities

Constraints on social change in India (caste, ethnicity, class, language, religion, regionalism)

Education of the socially and economically disadvantaged sections of the society

with special reference to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, women and rural population.

Psychological Foundation of Education

1. Relationship of Education and Psychology

2. Process of Growth and development

- Different stages of development Infancy, childhood, Adolescent, Adult and old age.

- Different aspects of development- Physical, Social, emotional and Cognitive.

- Piaget's Cognitive development theory

- Erickson's Socio-Emotional development theory

3. Individual differences

- Concept & Types of Individual differences.

- Areas of individual differences

Intelligence- Concept -types theories and measurement

Aptitude-concept features and measurement

Interest-concept, features and measurement

Creativity-concept, features and measurement

Personality-type and Trait theory and measurement

Attitude -concept, features and measurement

Adjustment- concept measurement and defense mechanisms.

4. Learning

-Theories of Learning: Thorndike's connectionism

Pavlov's classical and Skinner's Operant conditioning

Gestalt theory of Learning, Hull's reinforcement theory,

Social CognitiveTheory A. Bandura.

- Factors influencing learning

- Transfer of learning and its theories

5. Motivation

- Concept, determinants and types

- Maslow's need theory, MC Cuelend's n-ach motivation theory

6. Group Dynamics

Meaning of Group, Features of class group

Role of Teacher in developing positive class room climate.

Methodology of Educational Research

Nature and scope of Education Research

Meaning and Nature

Need and Purpose

Scientific Inquiry and Theory Development-some emerging trends in research F Fundamental-Applied and Action Research

Fomulation of Research Problem

Criteria and sources for identifying the problem

Delineating and Operationalizing variables

Developing assumptions and hypothesis in various types of research

Collection of Data

Concept of population and sample

Various methods of sampling

Characteristics of a good sample

Tool and Techniques

Characteristics of a good research tool

Types of research tools and techniques and their uses

Questionnaire-Interviews- Observations

Tests and scales, projective and sociometric techniques

Major Approaches to Research

Positivistic and Phenomenological

Descriptive research

Ex-post facto Research

Laboratory Experiment

Field Experiment

Field Studies

Historical Research

Analysis of Data

Quantitative and Qualitative

Descriptive (data analysis Tabulation of Data, Graphical Representation,

Measures of Central Tendency, Deviation and relative position) and

inferential Statistics. The null hypothesis , test of significance, types of

error, one-tailed and two tailed tests.

The t-test

The F-test (ANOVA)

Non-parametric tests (chi-square test, Mann-Witney's U-test)

Rank Difference, Product moment & Partial correlations

Content Analysis, Trend Analysis, Secondary data analysis

Use of Computer in data analysis

Research Report writing

Educational Technology

Meaning and Scope of Educational Technology

- educational technology as systems approach to education

- systems approach in educational technology and its characteristics

- components of educational technology, software, hardware

Multi-media approach in Educational Technology

Modelities of Teaching-difference between teaching and instruction, conditioning and training.

Stages of teaching-pre-active, interactive and post-active.

Teaching at different levels-memory, understanding and reflective

Modification of teaching behaviour: Microteaching, Flander's Interaction Analysis, simulation

Programmed Instruction (Origin, types, liner and branching, development of programmed instruction material-linear/branching model.

Computer assisted instruction

Models of Teaching: Concept, different families of teaching models

Designing Instructional system

- formulation of instructional objectives

- task analysis

- designing of instructional strategies, such as lecture, team teaching, discussion, panel discussion, seminars and tutorials.

Communication Process: Concept of communication, Principles, Modes and

Barriers of communication, Classroom communication (interaction verbal and non-verbal)

Distance Education: Concept, Different contemporary systems, viz.,

Correspondance, Distance and open; Student support services; Evaluation

Strategies in Distance Education: Counceslling Methods in Distance Education.

Development of Evaluation Tools-Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests.

Educational Guidance and Counselling

Concept, Principles, need and objectives of Guidance and Counselling
Types of Guidance and Counselling

Educational - Vocational - Personals

Guidance Services- Individual, Information, Counselling, Placement & follow-up
Organisation of Guidance Services at different levels of Education
Guidance Activities- updating Bulletin Board, Career day celebration. Information corner, career talk and conferences.
Problems & Researches of Guidance in India.
Tools and Techniques of Assessment in Guidance and Counselling, records, scales, Non-standardized Techniques, Standardized and Projective Tests.
Approaches of Counseslling: Person centered, Cognitive Behavioural & Psycho dynamic.
Values and Ethics in Counselling practise
Concept & need of Individual & Group Counselling.
Conditions for counseling relationship
Counselling process & Counselling-interview
Limitation of Individual and Group Counselling.

Teacher Education

1 Development of Teacher Education: a historical view

- Pre-independence- Ancient period, medieval period and British period.

- Post-independence

Before education policy 1968

Before education policy 1986

Before and after NCTE establishment.

2 Objectives and organisation of curriculum of teacher education at-

- elementary level

- secondary level

- college level

3 Types of teacher education programmes and agencies:

- Inservice teacher education-DIETs, CTEs,IASE,ASCs,CCRT,NCERT and OUs,

- Preservice teacher education-meaning and purpose

- Inputs and Evaluation procedure in preservice T.E. programme i.e. theoretical and practical, adequacy and effectiveness with respect to field requirement

- Various types of Administrative structure in TE-

-State level, -University level, - College level

- Expectations of T.E. Programme with reference to teacher, learner,

Institution and Society.

- Distance education and teacher education- Main criticism & achievement.

4 NCTE- Purpose, expectations and functions

- Teaching Practices in Teacher Education Programme

- Micro-Teaching, Block Teaching, MPT (Management of Practice teaching)

- Emerging role of media in Teacher Education-

- importance of media, kinds of media and media resource centre

- Researches in Teacher Education

- major areas of researches; present scenario of researches in Teacher Education.

- Significant issues in Teacher Education Programme

- Professional ethics

- Quality assurance in Teacher Education programme

- Theory- Practice Nexus

- Co-coordinating the variety of programmes at different levels.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

NOTE: Syllabi consist of two Groups.

Group - A

1. Research methods and applied statistics.

2. Test, measurement and evaluation in Physical Education & Sports Sciences.

Group - B

Scientific and Behavioural Fundamentals of Sports Sciences

Group - A

I. Research methods and applied statistics (Compulsory).

1. Need for research in Physical Education and Sports.

2. Its Purposes, Types

3. Scope of research in Physical Education and Sports

4. Defining and formulating the research problem.

5. Criteria of a research problem

6. Review of related literature & Sources of literature

7. Formulation of Hypothesis, Significance of Hypothesis & Testing of Hypothesis

8. Research design and sampling design.

9. Data analysis and research reporting

10. Definitions, meaning and scope of statistics in research in Physical Education and Sports

11. Statistical data and its organization

12. Frequency distribution, Graphical representation of data

13. Measures of Central tendency, dispersion and relationship

14. Norms and their uses Measures of relative position

15. Correlation and regression

16. Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

II. Test measurement and evaluation in physical education and sport sciences

1. Need for Tests, measurement and evaluation in Physical Education.

2. Tests of Physical Fitness, Motor Fitness and Motor ability skill and knowledge tests.

3. Anthropometric measurement and their importance.

4. Criteria of a good test. Test Administration.

A) Physical fitness test:

a) Strength test:

Kraus- Weber test, Sergeant Test, Rogers's strength test,

b) Motor fitness test:

J.C.R. Test, AAHPER Youth fitness Test., N.P.F.D.

c) Cardio Vascular Test:

Harward Step test, Tuttle pulse Ratio test, Coppers 12 minutes

Run& Walk test, Blood pressure measurements, Treadmill test.

B) General Motor Ability tests:

Barrow Motor ability test, Iowa Brace test, cozens test for general

Athletic ability.

Measurements of height and weight, Use of skin fold calliper's, Body

Diameter measurements, Measurements of body composition.

C) The Measurements of Posture:

Iowa posture test, cureton-gunby conformateur

D) The Measurements of sports skills:

Service, smash, forehand and back hand test in badminton.
Russel lounge Volley ball test.
Johnson Basketball ability test.
Dyer Tennis test.
Macdonald Soccer test.
Goal shooting test in Hockey.
Skills test in Hand ball.
Skill test in wrestling.
Skill tests in Kabaddi.
Skill test in Softball.
Skill test in Kho-Kho.

Group - B

Subject:

Scientific and Behavioural Fundamentals of Sports Sciences

I. Fundamentals of Physical Education:

Historical determinants of Physical Education.
Scope of Physical Education. Aim and objectives of
Physical Education.
Philosophical basis of physical education.
Biological basis Physical activity.
Body Types
General principles of growth and Development
Sports as cultural heritage of mankind.
Olympic Movement and its impact
Physical education in India.

II. Exercise Physiology

Concepts of Neuromuscular system
Cardio-respiratory system,
Skeletal system,
Endocrine system
Effects of exercise and training on the above
Concept of Fatigue and staleness
Hyper trophy of muscle in relation to physical activity
Aerobics and Anaerobic exercises
Hypertrophy of muscle in relation to physical activity
Theory of muscular contraction

III. Sports medicine and Physiotherapy

1). Massage: History and use.

Stroking - Effleurage, stroking

Pressure - Kneading, Petri sage, friction

Percussion - Hacking, clopping, Beating, pounding.

2). Therapeutic modalities

Hydrotherapy: Treatment and rehabilitation in the following

Electro therapy: Conditions

Heat therapy: Sprain, Strain, low lack problem and

Remedial exercises

3). Specific sports injuries of shoulder, Elbow, wrist and fingers, Abdomen, thigh, knee, ankle and foot.

IV. Kinesiology and Bio mechanics in physical Education

1. Analysis of sports movement in relation to sports performance, movements of running, Jumping Throwing, Games, like Basketball, Volley-ball, Foot-ball, Hockey, Hand-Ball, Gymnastics,Wrestling, Table-Tennis, Lawn-Tennis, Badminton & sports activities.

2. Physiology of muscular activity, Neurotransmission and Movement mechanism Physiology of respiration.

3. Bioenergetics and recovery processJoints and their movements-planes and axes

4. Kinetics, Kinematics-linear and angular, leversLaws of motion, principles of equilibrium, force, spin and elasticity

5. Muscular analysis of various sports activities.

6. Mechanical analysis of various sports activities, mechanical analysis of fundamental movements-running, jumping, throwing, pulling and pushing

V. Sports Training

1. Concepts of Load, Adaptation and recovery.

2. Training means and methods.

3. Importance of Strength.

4. Endurance. Speed, Flexibility and their forms.

5. Methods of development of the above qualities.

6. Brief concepts of Talent identification, planning and coordinative abilities.

7. Periodisation and top form.

VI. Yoga

1. Definition of Yoga

2. Asthang yoga: Yam, Niyam Asana, Pranayama, Patyahara, Dharana, Dhyan, Samadhi

3. Types of Yoga: Hath Yoga, Gyan Yoga, Karma Yoga, Raj Yoga,

4. Asanas, Its Type,

5. Meaning of Pranayam, Its Type, Precuations, and Technique

6. Yogaic methods of Personal Hygiene (shatkarma)

7. Yoga in Daily life,

8. Effect of Asans on Various Systems of the body

9. Contribution of yoga in the field of Physical education

VII. Sport Sociology

1. Nature and Scope of Sports Sociology

2. Concepts of leadership, socialization, social stratification and Theories.

3. Sports competitions, cooperation and team cohesion.

4. Women and Sports.

5. Professionalization and commercialization in sports

6. Sports and politics

7. Group dynamics

VIII. Sport Psychology

1. Concept and scope of sports psychology

2. Brief concepts of theories of personality

3. Personality and sports performance

4. Emotion, aggression, anxiety, stress and stress management

5. Motivation in sports

a. Motive, drive, need, sports intelligence, classification of motives

b. Concept and theories

c. Types

d. Sports performance

1. Motor learning and skill learning

2. Impact of skill learning

3. Group dynamics, team cohesion in sports

REFERENCES:

1. Bookwalter, Karl E. and Harold J. Vaderzwaag. Foundations and Principles of Physical Education. Philadephia: W.B.SaundersCompany, 1969.

2. Bucher, Charles A. Foundations of Physical Education. St.Louis: The C.V.Mosby Company, 1968.

3. Lockhart, Allene S. and Howard S. Shusher (Eds) Contemporary readings in Physical Education. 3^rd Edition; Dubuque, IOWA: WMC Brown Company Publisher, 1974.

4. Melwin H. Williams. Nutrition for; health Fitness and Sports, New York: McGraw -Hill Company

5. Scott, K. Powers and Stephen L. Dodd. Total fitness: Exercise, nutrition and wellness: Boston. Allyn and Bacon, 1999. ...3

6. Strand N. Bradford, Scantling and Martin Johnson. Fitness Education. Arizona: Gorsuch Scaris Brick, Publishers, 1997.

7. Charles A Bucher and Maron L. Krotee. Management of Physical Education and Sports. St.Louis: The C.V. Mosby Co. 1998.

8. Jensen, Clayne R. Administrative Management of Physical Education and Athletic Programs.Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1983.

9. Alderman, R.B. Psychological Behaviour in sport. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders Company, 1974.

10. Kamlesh, M.L. Psychology in Physical Education and sports. Delhi: Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd., 1988.

11. Clarke, David H. and Clarke H.Harrison. Research Processes in Physical Education. 2nd edition; Englewood cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1984.

12. Kamalesh, M.L. Research Methodology in Physical Education and Sports, New Delhi: Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd. 1999.

13. Kerlinger, Fred N. Foundations of Behavioral Research. 2nd edition; Delhi: Surjeet publication, 1983.

14. Thomas, Jerry R. and others, Research in Physical Activity., Sydney: Allyn - Bacon Publishers, 1983.

15. Marten, Rainer, Coaching Guide to Sports Psychology, Illinois: Human Kinetic Publishers Inc. 1987.

16. Robert, S. Weinberg and Daniel Gould., Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Canada: Human Kinetics, 1995.

17. Barrow, Harold M. and Rose Mary McGee. A Practical Approach to Measurement in Physical Education. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1979.

18. Clarke, H. Harrison and David H. Clarke. Application of Measurement to Physical Education.Englewood cliffs NJ: prentice: Hall Inc., 1987.

19. Mathews, K. Donald Measurement in Physical Education Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1973.

20. Cratty, Bryant J. Social dimensions of Physical activity. Englewood cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice -Hall Inc. 1967.

21. Dharamvir. Sports and Society: Readings in the sociology of ports. New Delhi: classical publishing company, 1989.

22. Marten, Rainer. Social Psychology and Physical activity. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1975.

23. Popenoe, David. Sociology. 2nd Edition; Englewood cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1974.

24. Snyder, Eldon E. and ElonerSpreitzer. Social aspects of sports. Englewood cliffs, New Jersey Prentice Hall Inc., 1978.

25. Mc Ardle, William D, Frank I Katch and Victor L. Katch. Exercise Physiology: Energy Nutrition and Human Performance. 4th Edition; Philadelphia: Lippincott William and Wilkins, 1998.

26. Noble, Bruce J. Physiology of Exercise and Sports. St. Louis: Mosby College Publishing, 1986,

27. Shaver, Larry G. Essentials of Exercise Physiology: New Delli: Surgeet Publication, 1982.Wilmore, Jack H. and David L.Costill. Physiology of Sport and Exercise Champaign. Human Kinetics, 2002. Applied Yoga:Dr. M.L. Charote. Published by Kaivaladham

28. Lonawala.

29. Yoga and Research 1st Inter-rational conference, Published.

30. Yoga: Its various Aspects-Published by the president. Sri Ramkrishan Math- Mylapore- Madras.

31. Yoga-Written by Earnestwood

32. Raja-Yoga by Swami Vivikanand

33. Bhakti- Yoga by Swami Vivikanand

34. Karma-Yoga by Swami Vivikanand

35. Shri Arvind on Yoga-Edited by Rd. Indarsen Published By Orient Paper Back.

36. Teaching Methods for yogic practices by M.L. Gharote& S.K. Ganguly Published by Kaivalyadham- Lonavala.

37. Anatomy and physiology of Yogic practices by M.M. Gore

YOGA

NOTE: Syllabus consists of two groups.

Group - A

Research methods and applied statistics

1. Need for research in Yoga.

2. Its Purposes, Types

3. Scope of research in Yoga

4. Defining and formulating the research problem.

5. Criteria of a research problem

6. Review of related literature & Sources of literature

7. Formulation of Hypothesis, Significance of Hypothesis & Testing of Hypothesis

8. Research design and sampling design.

9. Data analysis and research reporting

10. Definitions, meaning and scope of statistics in research in Physical Education and Sports

11. Statistical data and its organization

12. Frequency distribution, Graphical representation of data

13. Measures of Central tendency, dispersion and relationship

14. Norms and their uses Measures of relative position

15. Correlation and regression

16. Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

II. Test measurement and evaluation in physical education and sport sciences

1. Need for Tests, measurement and evaluation in Yoga.

2. Tests of Physical Fitness, Motor Fitness and Motor ability skill and knowledge tests.

3. Anthropometric measurement and their importance.

4. Criteria of a good test. Test Administration.

Subject:

Group - B

1. Foundations of Yoga: History, Evolution of Yoga and Schools of Yoga

2. Patanjali Yoga Sutra

3. Hatha Yoga Texts

4. Allied Sciences: Anatomy and Physiology

5. Yoga and Mental Health

6. Therapeutic Yoga - Disease Wise and Evidence based

1. Foundations of Yoga: History, Evolution of Yoga and Schools of Yoga

Origin of Yoga, History and Development of Yoga; Etymology and Definitions, Misconceptions, Aim and Objectives of Yoga, True Nature and Principles and definition of Yoga, Ashtang yoga; School of yoga.

2. Patanjala Yoga Sutra

Introduction : Yoga, it's meaning & purpose & Nature of Yoga; Concept of Chitta, Chitta-Bhumis, Chitta-Vrittis, Chitta-Vritti nirodhopaya Abhyasa and Vairagya as the tools Chitta-Vikshepas (Antarayas), Chitta-prasadanam, Prakriti and its evolutes.

SAMADHI PADA: Types and nature of Samadhi: Ritambharaprajna and Adhyatmaprasada; Samprajnata, Asamprajnata, Sabeeja & Nirbeeja Samadhi, Difference between Samapattis and Samadhi; Concept of Ishvara and qualities of Ishvara.

SADHANA PADA : Concept of Kriya Yoga of Patanjali, theory of Kleshes; Concept of Dukhavada; Drishyanirupanam, Drasthanirupanama, PrakritiPurushaSamYoga; Brief Introduction to Ashtanga Yoga; Concept of Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara and their usefulness in ChittavrittinirodhopayaH.

VIBHUTI & KAIVALYA PADA: Introduction of Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi, Samyama and Siddhis; Four types of Karmas; Concept of Vasana; Vivek Khyati Nirupanam, Kaivalya.- Nirvachana.

3. Hatha Yoga texts

Introduction of Hatha Yoga Pradipika according to Swami Swatmarama. Aim & objectives, factors effecting practice of Hatha Yoga , Sadhaka and Badhaka tattvas in Hatha Yoga; Concept of Ghata, Ghatashuddhi, Concept of mitahara, Pathya and Apathya.

Asanas in Hatha Texts: Definition, Principles of Asanas, Types of Asanas - Technique, Precautions and Benefits. Shatkarmas -Meaning of shatkarma its types techniques, precaution and benefits.

Kumbhaka in Hatha Texts: Meaning and definition, Types of Kumbhak Technique, Precautions &Benefits.

Bandha, Mudra and other practices: Mudras & Bandhas - Meaning & definition, Technique, Precautions & Benefits Concept of Chakras. Concept of Kundalini, Nadis, Nadanusandhana, Various types of Samadhi

4. Allied Sciences - General Psychology, Essential Anatomy and Physiology; Dietetics and Nutrition

Effect of different yogic practice on Digestive system; Respiratory system and endocrine system.

5. Yoga and Health

Meaning definition and Context of Yoga in Psychology

Similarities and dissimilarities, advantages and limitations between the Science of Yoga and Science of Psychology

Concept of Mental Health: - Meaning and Definition, Characteristics of mental health, Concept of Normality, Importance of Normality, Attitude formations through Yama and Niyam, Contribution & importance of Yoga to Mental Health.

6. Therapeutic Yoga - Disease Wise and Evidence based

Musculoskeletal Disorders and their yogic management Low backache, Arthritis, Cervical Spondylosis and Muscular Dystrophy

Cardio vascular & Respiratory disorders and their yogic management Common cold Sinusitis and Rhinitis, Bronchitis, Bronchial Asthma, Coronary artery disease(CAD), Hypertension and Hypotension, Cardiomyopathy, Cardiomegaly

Reference:

1. Clarke, David H. and Clarke H.Harrison. Research Processes in Physical Education. 2nd edition; Englewood cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1984.

2. Kamalesh, M.L. Research Methodology in Physical Education and Sports, New Delhi: Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd. 1999.

3. Kerlinger, Fred N. Foundations of Behavioral Research. 2nd edition; Delhi: Surjeet publication,1983.

4. Thomas, Jerry R. and others, Research in Physical Activity., Sydney: Allyn - Bacon Publishers, 1983.

5. Marten, Rainer, Coaching Guide to Sports Psychology, Illinois: Human Kinetic Publishers Inc. 1987.

6. Robert, S. Weinberg and Daniel Gould., Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Canada: Human Kinetics, 1995.

7. Barrow, Harold M. and Rose Mary McGee. A Practical Approach to Measurement in Physical

8. Education. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1979.

9. Clarke, H. Harrison and David H. Clarke. Application of Measurement to Physical Education.

10. Englewood cliffs NJ: prentice: Hall Inc., 1987.

11. Mathews, K. Donald Measurement in Physical Education Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1973.

12. Cratty, Bryant J. Social dimensions of Physical activity. Englewood cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice -Hall Inc. 1967.

13. Dharam vir. Sports and Society: Readings in the sociology of ports. New Delhi: classical publishing company, 1989.

14. Marten, Rainer. Social Psychology and Physical activity. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1975.

15. Popenoe, David. Sociology. 2nd Edition; Englewood cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1974.

16. Swami Satyanand Saraswati, Four Chapters of Freedom.

17. B. K. S. Iyengar, "Light on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali" Haper Collins Publications India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

18. Satchidananda Swami, the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, Integral Publications, U.S.A.

19. Brahmaleen Muni Swami, Patanjali Yoga Darshan, Chokhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi

20. Shankar Rama, Patanjali Yoga Darshanam, Tripathi, Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi

21. Udayveer Shastri Acharya, Vigyanand Saraswati Swami, Patanjali Yoga Darshanam, Gaziabad

22. Jha P, Hatha Pradeepika, Kaivalyadhama Yoga Mimamsa Publication, Lonavala, Pune

23. Hatha-Pradeepika: Prakashak, Kaivalyadham, Lonavala

24. Anatomy and physiology by Smout and Macdonald(Edward Arnold)

25. Caties primary anatomy by Bestmaji J.

26. Principles of anatomy and Physiology by Tortora & Grabowski (Harper Collons College Publishers)

27. Anatomy by B.D. Chourasia.

28. Kuvalaynanda Swami, Vinekar S. N., (1971), Yogic Chikitsa and Kaivalayadhama, Lonavala

29. Gharote, M. L., (1999), Yogic Techniques, Lonavala Yoga Institute India.

30. Saraswati, Shivananda Swami, Yogic Therapy, C/o Brahamchari Yogeshwar, Umachal Yogashasram, Kamakhya, Guwahati, Assam.

HOME SCIENCE

Research and Statistical Methods:

Definition , objectives and importance of research, types of research
Research problem, reviews, variables, hypotheses, sampling and sampling methods, research design
Primary and secondary data, methods of data collection,
Formal style of writing: acknowledgement, tables and figures, footnotes, appendices, bibliography and references, writing for publication, ethics in research.
Data analysis: tabular and graphical presentation of data.
Measures of central tendency, dispersion, probability, parametric and non parametric test, tests of significance of mean and other statistics , significance of difference between means - t- test, Z- test, analysis of variance, Correlation, Chi - square test.

Subject:

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Principles of growth and development, interaction of heredity and environment, historical development of HD, approaches and methods of studying human behavior
Theories of human development ( Freud, Jung, Allport, Carl R. Rogers, Abraham Maslow , Pavlov, Skinner , Bandura, Jean Piaget & Brunner)
Stages of development in human life span : developmental aspects related to prenatal stage up to old age; problem issues of early childhood years, adolescence, adulthood and old age; welfare programs for helping youth and elderly, behavioral problems at different stages of life
Family dynamics : marriage and family - definition, types, functions, objectives and problem issues
Need, objectives, philosophy and importance of ECCE; programs related to ECCE, administration and supervision of early childhood education, guiding child behavior
Children with special needs, classification and identification, causes, characteristics and impact of exceptionalities on individual and their parents, special education & integration, classification and symptoms related to different abnormal behaviors
Basic concepts and services in guidance and counselling , techniques and tools used in guidance, public relation in guidance, approaches to counseling, counseling therapy, counselor as a person and professional, management of crisis situation, special counseling challenges, ethics in counselling .
Recent emerging issues in studies of HD , Child rights, women rights, rights as a citizen , human rights, rights of disabled and elderly, gender issues, contemporary burning issues affecting family, ethical issues in human development , cultural variation, demographical statistics of current census.

CLOTHING AND TEXTILES

Textile chemistry- polymer chemistry; chemistry and properties of natural and synthetic fibers; chemistry of scouring, bleaching, starching, optical brighteners, blended textiles
Textile testing- standard atmospheric conditions ;measurements of relative humidity and moisture regain; testing of fiber, yarn and fabric properties; color fastness tests
Dyeing and printing- theories of dyes; dyeing with natural, synthetic and pigment dyes; dyeing machines; styles and methods of printing; preparation of printing paste
Textile finishing- different types of mechanical and chemical finishes for finishing natural and synthetic fabrics
Historic costumes- Theories of clothing; costumes of Egypt, Greece, Rome, England, France; Indian costumes from ancient period to present time; regional costumes of India; Indian saris of past and present
Historic textiles- printed, mordanted and dyed, embroidered, woven textiles of India; history of textile fibers, colors and motifs in India, Peru, Greece, Crete and Mesopotamia
Apparel pattern making and advanced apparel designing - methods of pattern making; grading; figure types and sizes; fitting principles, problems and remedies; handling of special fabrics while designing, cutting, stitching and finishing; evaluation of quality of apparel
Fabric manufacture- principles and techniques of yarn manufacture, principles and techniques of fabric manufacture
Fashion designing- dynamics of fashion, components of fashion, fashion development, fashion research design and analysis, fashion communication
Textile merchandising- history, development, present status, problems of textile industries of India; price determination; distribution; retailing and merchandising; marketing trends; sales promotion; labeling and branding
Garment production technology- organization of a garment factory, manufacturing technology, quality assurance in garment manufacturing
Commercial clothing- establishing an enterprise, management techniques, financial management, human resource management, marketing management, production management, costing, purchasing
CAD in textile and garment designing

FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION

Basic chemical principles and equipments involved in nutritional analysis.
Basic chemistry nutritional functions and sources of carbohydrate , protein, fat, vitamins, minerals.
Assessment of nutritional status.
Major nutritional problems, national nutrition programmes , nutrition monitoring and surveillance, nutrition programme management.
Physiological systems, endocrinal secretions.
Nutritional epidemiology, nutrition during the lifecycle
Nutritional deficiency disorders, nutrition in various diseases and disorders, nutrition in critical care and nutrition in physical fitness
Colloidal chemistry as related to food, sensory evaluation , physical and chemical properties of food , effect of cooking and processing on nutrients and food components
Food laws and standards
Principles underlying food processing operations
Food microbiology and its application like HACCP
Institutional food administration , types of food services organization and management, quantity food production, Indian and International cuisines

EXTENSION AND COMMUNICATION

Extension, Communication and management.
Rural development programs
Program planning and adoption.
Participatory Techniques
Rural social structure and rural psychology
Adult and non formal education
Organizational behavior
Research methods and statistics

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Approaches of management- Schools of management, Principles of management, Management Philosophy- values, goals and standards, decision making tools and techniques, organizational behavior
Kinesiology and Biomechanics- skeletal and muscular system, Ergonomic evaluation of workplace, work characteristics, worker characteristics-physiology of eye, ear, cognition, mental workload,
Aesthetics in interior design-elements and principles of art and their applications, creative process model, window treatment, floorings, wall coverings, ceiling designs, illusions created in interior design, exterior design principles, eco friendly design and materials, space planning
Environment and human ecology-types of pollution, renewable and non renewable energy sources, fuel technology, eco friendly products

ECONOMICS

Research Methodology:

Research: Meaning, Characteristics, Types. Steps of Research. Methods of Research. Formulation of Research Problem. Research Design. Formation and types of hypothesis. Sampling.

Source of Primary and Secondary data including library and e-resources. Techniques of Quantitative & Qualitative Data Collection: interview, Schedule, Questionnaire, Observation. Case Study & Content Analysis.

Classification & Tabulation. Graphic Presentation- Histogram, Bare & Pie diagram. Analysis of Quantitative data: Measures of Central tendency (Mean, Median, Mode), Standard deviation, correlation coefficient, Simple Regression.

An overview of Hypothesis Testing. Analysis of Qualitative data. Report writing and the writing of research papers. Style of Referencing. Workshop, Seminar, Conference and Symposium. Research Ethics

Subject:

Micro Economics:

Demand Analysis: Marshallian, Hicksian and Revealed Preference Approaches. Theory of Production, and Cost. Types of Production Functions: Linear Homogenous, Cobb -Douglas, CES, Fixed Coefficient Production Functions. Price and Output Determinationunder Various Market Structures. Factor Pricing. Elements of General Equilibrium and Welfare Economics.

Macro Economics:

National Income Accounting. Classical and Keynesian Theories of Income and Employment, Consumption Hypothesis Absolute Income hypothesis, Relative Income Hypothesis, Life Cycle Hypothesis, Permanent Income Hypothesis. Accelerator, Super Multiplier, Multipliers: Fiscal & Monetary, Theories of Money and Prices. Theories of Trade Cycles. IS-LM, Model. Effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal Policies. Rational Expectations and New Classical Economics. New Keynesian Economics, Theories of Investment, Inflation & Deflation.

International Economics:

Theories of Absolute and Comparative Cost Advantage. Factor Endowment and H.O. Theory. Factor 'Price Equalisation. Leontief Paradox. Heberler's Opportunity Cost Theory. Mill's Reciprocal Demand Theory. Terms of Trade. Balance of Payment Disequilibrium: Causes and Adjustments. Theories of Exchange Rate Determination. Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers, Theories of Economic Integration.

Public Economics:

Economic Functions of Modern Government. Fiscal Policy-Objectives and Instruments. Theories of Incidence of Taxation. Justice in Taxation: Benefit and Ability to Pay Approaches, Theories of Public Expenditure, Public Borrowings: Sources, Burden and Redemption, Salient Features of Indian Tax System. Fiscal Federalism: Principles and Constitutional Provisions in India.

Money, Banking and Financial Markets

Demand for Money: Classical, Keynesian, Baumol, Tobin and Friedman's Approaches. Supply-of Money: Measures and Determination. Multiplier Approach. Monetary Policy-Goals, Instruments. Monetary Policy in Open Economy: IS-LM-BP Model. Commercial and Central Banking in India. Structure of Financial Markets in India Money and Capital Markets.

Development Economics

Economic Growth and Development: Measurement and Factors affecting Growth. Theories and Models of Economic Growth: Theory of Big Push, Theories of Balanced and Unbalanced Growth. Lewis Model of Unlimited Supply of Labour. Harrod-Domar and Solow Models of Economic Growth. Theory of Circular Causation. Theory of Dualism. Linear Stage Theory. Trade Theory and Economic Development: Prebisch Singer Hypothesis and Dual Gap Model.

Planning-Need, Types and Limitations. Alternative investment Criteria. Cost Benefit Analysis and Shadow Prices. Environmental Economics: Relationship between Environment and Development. Externalities, Environmental Degradation and Market Failure. The Concept of Sustainable Development.

Indian Economy

Salient Features of Indian Economy. National Income and Composition. Demographic Profile. Problems of Poverty, Unemployment, Inequality and Inflation. BoP and Foreign Trade- Composition, Direction and Policies. Indian Agriculture: Role and Reforms. WTO and Indian Agriculture. Food Security in India. Indian Industries: Industrial Development and Pattern of Industrialization. Industrial Policy. MSMEs. Industrial Sickness. Indian-Planning: Objectives, Strategy and Achievements. New Economic Policy.

Quantitative Methods

Measures of Central Tendencies, Dispersion, Skewness and Kurtosis. Correlation, Regression and Association of Attributes, Application of Differential 'and Integral Calculus in Economics. Matrix Algebra and its Applications. Linear Programming. Game Theory. Theory of Probability. Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distributions. Testing of Hypothesis - Z, t, F and Chi Square Tests. Index numbers and Time series.

Linear regression model in two and more than two variables, OLS, Violation of Classical Assumptions of Regression Model: Multicollinearity, Heteroscedasticity and Autocorrelation.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

The pre Ph.D. Course is divided in to two parts/papers Part-I/Paper-I deals basically with Research, Teaching aptitude, Reasoning, ICT and General Awareness.

The Part-II/Paper-II deals with the discipline of Political Science containing all major aspects of the discipline.

(The scheme of examination would be common for all Social Science Faculty students aspiring for Ph.D.in Banasthali vidyapith)

Aptitude Test:

I. Teaching Aptitude

Teaching : Nature, objectives, characteristics and basic requirements;
Learner's characteristics;
Factors affecting teaching;
Methods of teaching;
Teaching aids;
Evaluation systems.

II. Research Aptitude

Research : Meaning, Characteristics and types;
Steps of research;
Methods of research;
Research Ethics;
Thesis, Research Paper and Article Writing: Format and styles of referencing.

III. Reading Comprehension

A passage to be se with questions to be answered.

IV. Communication

Communication: Nature, characteristics, types, barriers and effective classroom communication. Mass Media and Communication

V. Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude

Number series; letter series; codes;
Relationships; Classification.
Mathematical Aptitude- Ratio, Proportion, Percentage and Averages etc.

VI. Logical Reasoning

Understanding the structure of arguments;
Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning;
Verbal analogies : Word analogy - Applied analogy; Verbal classification;
Reasoning Logical Diagrams : Simple diagrammatic relationship, multi-diagrammatic relationship;
Venn diagram; Analytical reasoning.

VII. Data Interpretation

Sources, acquisition and interpretation of data;
quantitative and qualitative data;
Graphical representation and mapping of data.

III. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

ICT : meaning, advantages, disadvantages and uses;
General abbreviations and terminology;
Basics of internet and e-mailing

IX. General Knowledge and Environment

General awareness about surroundings
People and environment interaction;
Sources of pollution;
Pollutants and heir impact on human life, exploitation of natural and energy resources;
Natural hazards and mitigation.

X. Higher Education System: Governance, Polity And Administration

Structure of the institution for higher education and research in India; Formal and distance education.
Education, professional, technical, skill based and general education; value education.
Polity and administration; Concept, intuitions and their interactions.
Policies, Governance and Administration for higher education.

Subject:

1. Political Thought (Western and Indian) and Political Ideologies

· Plato and Aristotle.

Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau.
Bentham, J. S. Mill, Hegel, Green, Marx and Laski.
Lenin, Mao, Gramsci, Habermas.
John Rawls, Nozick,MacIntyre,
Mary Wollstonecraft, Simon de Beauvoir, Hannah Arendt.
Kautilya,
Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekanand, DayanandSarswati Jyotiba Phule, Pt. Ramabai.
Gokhle,Tilak, VD Savarkar
Gandhi, Nehru, M. N. Roy. Ambedkar, AurobindoGhosh, Jai Prakash, Lohia, DeenDayalUpadhyaya.
Utilitarianism, Pluralism, Liberalism, Idealism, Marxism, Socialism, Anarchism, Feminism, Multiculturalism, Postmodernism, Ecologism.

2. Political Theory and Comparative Politics

Political Theory: Meaning Nature, Role and limitations. Traditional and Modern Perspective. Behaviouralism, Post Behaviouralism, Decline and revival of Political Theory.
Approaches and Methods: Comparative Method, institutional method, new institutional, political economy, Systems Approach, Structural-Functional, Marxist, Group Theory, Decision-Making, Communication Theory, Lasswell's Distributive Analysis.
Concepts: Sovereignty, Power, Authority, Legitimacy, Law, Liberty, Equality, Justice, Rights, Citizenship, , Elite, Gender, Multiculturalism, Environmentalism
Evolution and Development of comparative Politics as a discipline; nature and scope.

· Constitutionalism: Concepts, Problems and Limitations, State in 21^st Century.

Political Regimes: Democratic (Electoral, Liberal, Majoritarian and Participatory) and non-democratic regimes (Patrimonialism, Bureaucratic authoritarianism, military dictatorship, totalitarianism and fascist).
Democratisation: democratic transition and consolidation.
Forms of Government: Unitary - Federal, Parliamentary and Presidential.
Organs of Government: Executive, Legislature, Judiciary - their Interrelationship in comparative perspective.
Party Systems, Pressure Groups and Electoral Systems.
Political Development, Dependency: Development and Under Development,World System Theory, Political Modernization, Political Culture, Political Socialization and Political Participation

3. Indian Government and Politics

National Movement, Constitutional Developments and the Making of Indian Constitution.
Ideological Bases of the Indian Constitution, Preamble, Fundamental rights and Duties and Directive Principles.
Constitution as Instrument of Socio - Economic Change, Constitutional Amendments and Review
Structure and process - I: President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Working of he parliamentary System.
Structure and process - II: Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, State Legislature.
Panchayati Raj Institutions: Rural and Urban, their working.
Federalism: Theory and practice in India; Demands of Autonomy and Separatist Movements; Emerging trends in Centre - State Relations.
Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Courts, Judicial Review, Judicial Activism including Public Interest Litigation cases, Judicial Reforms.
Party SystemandPolotical Parties and, Pressure Groups, Public Opinion, Media;
Elections, Electoral Behaviour, Election Commission and Electoral Reforms.
Social Movements: Dalit, tribal, women, farmers, labour
civil society groups:Non party social formations, non governmental organizations, social action groups.
Issues of Indian Democracy: Caste and Reservation, Communalism, Lingualism, Corruption, Criminalization of Politics, Terrorism, Gender, Poverty alleviation Programs and Dynastic Politics.

4. Public Administration

Development of Public Administration as a discipline; Approaches to the study of Public Administration: classical, Human Relation, Decision - making, Ecological and Systems; Development Administration.
Public Administration theories and concepts: Scientific Management theory, rational choice theory, new public administration, development administration, comparative public administration, new public management, changing nature of public administration in the era of liberalization and globalization.
Theories of Organization
Principles of Organization: Line and staff, unity of command, hierarchy, span of control, centralization and decentralization, Types of organization - formal and informal; Forms of organization; department, public corporation and board.
Chief Executive: Types, functions and roles.
Personnel Administration: Recruitment, Training, Promotion, Discipline, Morale; employee - Employer Relations.
Bureaucracy: Theories, Types and Roles; Max Weber and his critics. Civil servant - Minister relationship.
Leadership, its role in decision - Making; Communication and Motivation.
Financial Administration: Budget, Audit, control over Finance with special reference to India.
Grievance Redressal Institutions: Ombudsman, Lokpal and Lokayukta.

5. Governance and Public Policy

Good Governance, e- governance, Problems of Administrative Corruption; Transparency and Accountability; Right to Information
Public policy as an instrument of socio-economic development: public policies with special reference to housing, health, drinking water, food security, MNREGA, NHRM, RTE.
Monitoring and evaluation of public policy; mechanisms of making governance process accountable: jansunwai, social audit.

6. International Relations

Contending Theories and Approaches to the study of International Relations: Idealist, Realist, Systems, Game theory, Communication, Decision - Making, Feminism, Postmodernism, and Marxist.
Power, Interest and Ideology in International Relations; Elements of Power: Acquisition, use and limitation of power, Perception, Formulation and promotion of National Interest, Meaning, Role and Relevance of Ideology in International Relations.
Management of National Power: Balance of Power, Collective Security to Cooperative Security and Changing concept of National Security and Challenges to Nation State, Disarmament.
Arms and Wars: Nature, Causes and types of wars / conflicts including ethnic disputes; conventional, Nuclear / Bio - chemical wars; deterrence, Arms Race, Arms Control and Disarmament.
Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, Conflict Resolution, Diplomacy, World - order and Peace Studies.
Cold War, Alliances, Non - Alignment, End of Cold war and Post-cold War Era, Uni Polarity, Multi Polarity, Globalization and Liberalization.
Rights and Duties of states in international law, intervention, Treaty law, prevention and abolition of war.
Political Economy of International Relations; New International Economic Order, North - South Dialogue, South - South Cooperation, WTO, Neo - Colonialism and Dependency.
Regionalism, Regional and Sub-Regional organizations such as: SAARC, ASEAN, OPEC, OAS, BRICS, EU and NATO, Sanghai Cooperation organizations, African union.
United Nations: Aims, Objectives, Structure and Evaluation of the working of UN; peace and Development perspectives; Charter Revision; Power-Struggle and Diplomacy within UN, Financing and Peace-Keeping operations.
India's Role in International affairs: India's relations with major powers & its neighbors, wars, security concerns and pacts, Mediatory Role, distinguishing features of Indian Foreign Policy and Diplomacy, non-alignment.
Foreign Policies of U.S.A., U.K., France, Russia, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, Afghanistan
Major Issues: Human Rights, Gender Equality, Protection of Environment,Climate Change, Terrorism, migration & refugees, Role of religion, culture and identity politics.

Subject:

Public Administration

1. Theory of Public Administration

Public Administration - Meaning, Nature and Scope, Public and Private Administration, New Public Administration, New Public Management.
Administrative Thinkers - Kautilya, Woodrow Wilson, Click and Berwick, Max Weber, F. W. Taylor, Henri Fayol, M. P. Follet, Elton Mayo, C.I. Barnard, Herbert Simon, D. H. McGregor, Abraham Maslow, Herzberg, Chris Argyris and Fred Riggs.
Theories - Classical, Human Relations and Bureaucratic.
Approaches to the study of Public Administration - Scientific Management, Behavioural Systems, Structural - Functional, Decision-making, Public Policy and Marxian.
Organisation - Bases of Organisation, Formal and Informal, Principles of Organisation - Hierarchy, Span of Control, Unity of Command, Delegation, Decentralisation and Coordination; Line - Staff Agencies.
Leadership, Motivation and Communication.

2. Comparative Public Administration

Comparative Public Administration - Meaning, Nature and Scope.
Theories and Models of Comparative Public Administration - Contributions of Fred Riggs, Montgomery and Ferrel Heady.
A Comparative Study of the Administration, Institutions and Processes in U.K., U.S.A., France and India.
Various Control Mechanisms over Administration in U.K. U.S.A., France and India.
Citizen and Administration - Machinery for redressal of citizen's grievances in U.K., U.S.A. France and India.

3. Development Administration

Development Administration - Meaning, Nature and Scope, Concept of Development Administration; Sustainable Development Administration and Traditional Administration; Characteristics of Administration in Developed and Developing Countries.
Public and Private Sectors and their Administration.
Planning - Projects and Plan Formulation, Plan Implementation and Evaluation.
Bureaucracy and Development Administration - Role of Bureaucracy in Plan Formulation and its Implementation.
Development Administration - Interactions among Bureaucrats, Politicians, Technocrats, Social Scientists, Educationists and Journalists. People's Participation in Development.
International Aid and Technical Assistance programs - IMF, IBRD, WTO.

4. Indian Administration

Administrative Legacies at the time of Independence - Civil Services; District and Revenue Administration.
Organisation of Government at the Central Level - Organization of Secretariat, Ministries and Departments, Cabinet Secretariat, P.M.O.
Organisation of Government at the State Level - Secretariat, Role of Chief Secretary, Organization of Ministries Departments and Directorates.
Personnel Administration - Classification of Civil Services, Recruitment, Recruitment Agencies - U.P.S.C. and State Public Service Commissions, Training, Promotion, Discipline, Morale, Staff Associations, Employer - Employee Relations.
Financial Administration - Budget, Enactment of Budget, Finance Ministry and its Role, Audit and Accounts, Comptroller and Auditor - General.
Planning and NITI Ayog.
Centre State Relations - Legislative, Administrative and Financial, Finance Commission.
Control over Administration - Legislative, Executive and Judicial Control, Transparency, Accountability, Ethics and Administrative Responsiveness.
District Administration - Organization of District Administration, Role of District Collector in Development, Local Government - Rural and Urban, Panchayati Raj Institutions and their Role in Development.
Citizen and Administration - Lokpal and Lokayukta.
Delegated Legislation and Administrative Adjudication.
Administrative Reforms in India since Independence.

5. Social and Economic Administration

Meaning, Nature and Scope of Social Welfare and Social Justice.
Central Social Welfare Board and State Social Welfare Boards.
Major Social Sectors - Health and Education.
Industrial Policy Resolutions and Growth of Public Sector in India.
Public Sector - Features, Problems of Management, Accountability and Autonomy.
New Economic Policy - Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization.

6. Local Governments - Rural and Urban

Meaning, Nature and Scope of Local Governments.
State - Local Relations in India.
Functions and Role of Local Governments in India.
73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in India.
Major Features and Structure of Local Government in U.K., U.S.A. and France.

HISTORY

Teaching and Research Aptitude:

Teaching Aptitude Based

Teaching Aptitude Teaching: Concept, Objectives, Levels of teaching (Memory, Understanding and Reflective), Characteristics and basic requirements.
Learner's characteristics: Characteristics of adolescent and adult learners (Academic, Social, Emotional and Cognitive), Individual differences.
Factors affecting teaching related to: Teacher, Learner, Support material, Instructional facilities, Learning environment and Institution.
Methods of teaching in Institutions of higher learning: Teacher centred vs. Learner centred methods; Off-line vs. On-line methods (Swayam, Swayamprabha, MOOCs, etc.).
Teaching Support System: Traditional, Modern and ICT based.
Evaluation Systems: Elements and Types of evaluation, Evaluation in Choice Based Credit System in Higher education, Computer based testing, Innovations in evaluation systems.

Research Aptitude Based

Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism and Postpositivistic approach to research.
Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative and Quantitative methods.
Steps of Research.
Thesis and Article writing: Format and styles of referencing.
Application of ICT in research.
Research ethics.

Comprehension Based

A passage of text be given. Questions be asked from the passage to be answered.

Communication Based

Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.
Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group
communications, Classroom communication.
Barriers to effective communication.
Mass-Media and Society.

Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude Based

Types of reasoning.
Number series, Letter series, Codes and Relationships.
Mathematical Aptitude (Fraction, Time & Distance, Ratio, Proportion and Percentage, Profit and Loss, Interest and Discounting, Averages etc.).

Logical Reasoning Based

Understanding the structure of arguments: argument forms, structure of categorical propositions, Mood and Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies, Uses of language, Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical square of opposition.
Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning.
Analogies.
Venn diagram: Simple and multiple use for establishing validity of arguments.
Indian Logic: Means of knowledge.
Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana (Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension).
Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation), Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference).

Data Interpretation Based

Sources, acquisition and classification of Data.
Quantitative and Qualitative Data.
Graphical representation (Bar-chart, Histograms, Pie-chart, Table-chart and Line-chart) and mapping of Data.
Data Interpretation.
Data and Governance.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

ICT: General abbreviations and terminology.
Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing.
Digital initiatives in higher education.
ICT and Governance.

People, Development and Environment

Development and environment: Millennium development and Sustainable development goals.
Human and environment interaction: Anthropogenic activities and their impacts on environment.
Environmental issues: Local, Regional and Global; Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Waste (solid, liquid, biomedical, hazardous, electronic), Climate change and its Socio-Economic and Political dimensions.
Impacts of pollutants on human health.
Natural and energy resources: Solar, Wind, Soil, Hydro, Geothermal, Biomass, Nuclear and Forests.
Natural hazards and disasters: Mitigation strategies.
Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action Plan on Climate Change, International agreements/efforts-Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, International Solar Alliance.

Higher Education System

Institutions of higher learning and education in ancient India.
Evolution of higher learning and research in Post Independence India.
Oriental, Conventional and Non-conventional learning programmes in India.
Professional, Technical and Skill Based education.
Value education and environmental education.
Policies, Governance and Administration.

Subject:

Concepts and Terms

§ Sabha and Samiti

§ Varnashrama

§ Purusharthas

§ Rina, Yajna

§ Karma and Rebirth

§ Samskaras

§ Saptanga

§ Stupa/Chaitya/Vihar/

Mathas

§ Panchmahavrata

§ Triratna

§ Bodhisattava

/Trithankara

§ Syadwad

§ Alvars/Nayanars

§ Sreni

/Guild/Nigam

§ Nagara

/Dravida/Vesara

§ Diwan-i-Arz

§ Vishti

§ Hiranya

§ Bali

§ Niyoga

§ Paibos

§ Jizyah

§ Kharaj

§ Dar-Ul-Islam

§ Khams

§ Khilafat

§ Iqta

§ Sijda

§ Chalisha

§ Diwan-i-Kohi

§ Jagir

§ Jharokha Darshan

§ Mansab

§ Tanka

§ Khalsa

§ Jakat

§ Sulah-I-Kul

§ Din-i-ilahi

§ Mahzar

§ Tuladan

§ Chauth

§ Dahsala System

§ Sardeshmukhi

§ Sangam Age

§ Dyarchy

§ Drain of Wealth

§ Downward Filtration Theory

§ Cornwallis Code

§ Communalism

§ Deindustrialization

§ Doctrine of Laps

§ Mahalwari

§ Ryotwari

§ Swadeshi

§ Sarvodya

§ Satyagraha

§ Swaraj

§ Ahimsa

§ Green Revolution

§ Panchsheel

Ancient Indian History

Sources: Archaeological, Literary

Harappan and Vedic Civilizations

Jainism and Buddhism

Ashoka, Samudra Gupta, Chandragupta II, Harsha

Mauryan Administration

Rajput Period

Development of Indian Sciences and Arts

Medieval Indian history-

Sources

Muslims invasions

Iltutmish, Allauddin Khalji, Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq

Theories of kingship: Balban and Afghans

Babur and Humayun, Akbar, Aurangzeb, Mughal Rajput relations

Sher Shah's reforms, Mughal administration, Mansabdari and Jagirdari

Industries and Trade and Commerce

Sufism, Bhakti Movement

Indo-Islamic Art & Architecture

Shivaji, Maratha Administration

Modern Indian History

Advent of European in India

Warren Hastings (1772-1785), Cornwallis (1786-1793), Lord Wellesley (1798-1805), Dalhousie and the policy of Annexation (1848-1856)

British Empire (1757-1857): Commercial Policy, Drain of Wealth, Transport and Communication, Land Revenue Policy

Modern Education

Social Reform movements

1857

National Movement and Indian National Congress

The Government of India Acts

Gandhi's Role in National Movement

Revolutionary Movement

Partition and Integration of Nation

Rajasthan History and Culture

Main sources

Maharana Pratap

Treaties with the East India Company

Rajasthan In 1857

Peasant, Tribal, Prajamandal Movements

Formation of the state of Rajasthan

Forts and Palaces

World History

Renaissance

Reformation

Industrial Revolution

Revolutions: Glorious revolution of England (1688), American war of Independence (1775), French Revolution (1789), Russian Revolution (1917), Chinese Revolution (1949)

Unification of Italy and Germany (1870)

Scramble of Africa

Modernization of Japan

World Wars

United Nations Organization

Historiography

History: Meaning and Nature

Sources: Primary, Secondary

Subjectivity and Objectivity

Tradition of Ancient Indian, Greco-Roman, Chinese Historiography

Medieval Indian Historiography

Scientific History, Philosophies of History, Annals School, Post Modernism

Cinema History, Subaltern History, Gender History, Oral History

SOCIOLOGY

Research Methodology:

Scientific Research Philosophy of Science, Scientific Method and Epistemology in Social Science, Reading Social Science Research, Data and Documents, Induction and Deduction, Fact, Concept and Theory, Hypotheses, Research Questions, Objectives, Objectivity and Reflexivity in Social Science, Ethics and Politics

Quantitative and Qualitative Research:

Tools of Data Collection: Sampling, Questionnaire and Schedule, Statistical Analysis, Observation, Interview and Case study, Interpretation, Data Analysis(Coding, Classification and Tabulation of Data, Mean, Mode, Median, Co-relation) and Report Writing

Ethnography, Survey Method, Historical Method, Comparative Method

Research Aptitude:-

Logical Reasoning. General Awareness, Coding, Decoding, Verbal/Non-Verbal Reasoning. Mental Ability, Blood Relation, Number Problem, Numerical computation, English grammar, sentence completion, verbal analogies, word groups, instructions, data interpretation. critical reasoning and verbal deduction.

Subject:

Basics of Sociology

Sociology: Meaning and Subjective Matter, Sociological Perspective, Society, Community, Culture, Association, Group, Group Dynamics

Institutions: Marriage, Family and Kinship, Economy, Polity, Religion, Education, Law and Customs

Status and Role

Social Stratification: Caste, Class, Gender

Social Structure, Culture, Status and Role, Identity, Community, Diaspora, Values, Norms and Rules, Personhood, Habitus and Agency, Bureaucracy, Power and Authority

Socialization and Social Control: Meaning, Agencies, Theories

Social Change: Meaning, Factors and Theories

Concept of Development

Social Stratification

Social Difference, Hierarchy, Inequality and Marginalization, Caste and Class

Gender, Sexuality and Disability

Race, Tribe and Ethnicity

Family, Marriage and Kinship

Structure-Functionalist, Alliance and Cultural, Gender Relations and Power Dynamics Inheritance, Succession and Authority Gender, Sexuality and Reproduction, Children, Youth and Elderly, Emotions and Family, Emergent Forms of Family, Changing Marriage Practices, Changing Care and Support Systems, Family Laws, Domestic Violence and Crime against Women, Honor Killing

Classical Sociological Traditions

Comte: Positivism, Law of Three Stages

Spencer: Social Darwinism, Organic Theory of Evolution

Marx: Historical Materialism, Dialectical Materialism, Class Conflict

Durkheim: Social Fact, Division of Labour, Religion, Suicide

Weber: Ideal Type, Social Action, Religion, Authority

Indian Thinkers

B.R. Ambedkar, Radha Kamal Mukherjee, G. S. Ghurye, M.N. Srinivas, Irawati Karve

Structural- Functionalism, Hermeneutic and Interpretative Traditions

Bronislaw Malinowski,A.R. Radcliffe- Brown, Talcott Parsons, Robert K. Merton, G.H. Mead, Karl Manheim, Alfred Schutz, Harold Garfinkel, Erving Goffman, Clifford Geertz, Claude Levi Strauss

Sociological Approaches:

Evolutionary Approach, Structural Functionalism, Conflict Approach,

Ethnomethodology, Phenomenology, Symbolic Interactionism Post Colonialism

Modern and Post Modern Approach

Edward Said, Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault

Jurgen Habermas, Anthony Giddens, Manuel Castells

Processes of Social Change

Evolution and Diffusion Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization, Industrialization, Social Transformations and Globalization, Social Mobility

Rural and Urban Transformations

Caste-Tribe Settlements, Agrarian Social Structure and Emergent Class Relations

Land Ownership and Agrarian Relations, Decline of Agrarian Economy, De-Peasantization and Migration

Agrarian Unrest and Peasant Movements, Changing Inter-Community Relations and Violence

Urbanism, Urbanity and Urbanization, Towns, Cities and Mega-Cities, Industry, Service and Business

Neighborhood, Slums and Ethnic Enclaves, Middle Class and Gated Communities, Urban Movements and Violence

State, Politics and Development in India

Tribe, Nation State and Border, Bureaucracy

Governance and Development, Public Policy: Health, Education and Livelihoods, Political Culture, Grass-root Democracy

Law and Society, Gender and Development

Corruption, Role of International Development Organizations

Social Movements and Protests

Political Factions, Pressure Groups, Movements based on Caste, Ethnicity, Ideology, Gender, Disability, Religion and Region

Civil Society and Citizenship, NGOs, Activism and Leadership, Reservations and Politics

Economy and Society

Exchange, Gift , Capital, Labour and Market, Mode of Production Debates

Property and Property Relations, State and Market: Welfarism and Neoliberalism

Models of Economic Development, Poverty and Exclusion, Factory and Industry Systems

Changing Nature of Labour Relations, Gender and Labour Process, Business and Family

Digital Economy, E-Commerce, Global Business and Corporates, Tourism, ,Consumption

Environment and Society

Social and Cultural Ecology: Diverse Forms, Technological Change, Agriculture and Biodiversity

Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Ethno-Medicine, Gender and Environment, Forest Policies, Adivasis and Exclusion, Ecological Degradation and Migration

Development, Displacement and Rehabilitation, Water and Social Exclusion, Disasters and Community Responses

Environmental Pollution, Public Health and Disability, Climate Change and International Policies, Environmental Movements

Science, Technology and Society

History of Technological Development, Changing notions of Time and Space, Flows and Boundaries, Virtual Community

Media: Print and Electronic, Visual and Social Media, E-Governance and Surveillance Society

Technology and Emerging Political Processes, State Policy, Digital Divide and Inclusion

Technology and Changing Family Relations, Technology and Changing Health Systems, Food and Technology, Cyber Crime

Culture and Symbolic Transformations

Signs and Symbols, Rituals, Beliefs and Practices, Changing Material Culture, Moral Economy

Education: Formal and Informal, Religious Organizations, Piety and Spirituality, Commodification of Rituals, Communalism and Secularism

Cultural Identity and Mobilization, Culture and Politics, Gender, Body and Culture, Art and Aesthetics

Ethics and Morality, Sports and Culture, Pilgrimage and Religious Tourism, Religion and Economy, Culture and Environment, New Religious Movements

SOCIAL WORK

Research Methodology:

Scientific Research, Hypothesis, Variable, Research Design, Sampling, Primary and Secondary Data

Qualitative and Quantitative Research: Tools of Data Collection: Observation, Interview, Questionnaire, Schedule, Case Study, Oral History, Content Analysis, Thematic Analysis, Critical Discourse analysis, Triangulation

Data Analysis- Coding, Classification and Tabulation of Data, Test of Significance

Mean, Mode, Median, Co-relation, Dispersion

Research Aptitude-

Subject:

Meaning & Concept of Social Work profession. Social Work reform. Movements. Social work profession and Human Rights. Social Work practice Skills & Techniques.

Philosophy and Principles of Social Work and their application. Social Work Practice in Various Settings

Approaches of Social Work Practice. Basic Social case work, Process & techniques of Social Work, Social Group Work

Meaning & characteristics of Society, Community and its types, Social Group and Social Institution. Community Organization, Process of Community Organization, Approaches of Community Organization. Community Organization Practice

Community Development programmes.

Social problem: Poverty, Population, Unemployment, Under development.

Political System Institution in India: Fundamental Rights and Directive Principle of State Policies, Planning Commission of India.

Role of Social Workers in identifying social problems.

Methods of Social Work: Primary and Secondary.

Human Behavior. Personality, Motivation, Socialization.

Human growth and development in the lifespan of Individual.

Social Action and Social Movement, Social Welfare Administration: concept, Meaning, types, structure

Social Policy. Programmes and Project Management. Welfare Administration.

Concept of Social justice, social security, social Assistance. Social development.

Role of Social Worker in various settings. (Industries, Rural Reconstruction, Social Work profession)

WOMEN STUDIES

Research Methodology:

Scientific Research, Hypothesis, Variable, Research Design, Sampling, Primary and Secondary Data

Qualitative and Quantitative Research: Tools of Data Collection: Observation, Interview, Questionnaire, Schedule, Case Study, Oral History, Content Analysis

Data Analysis- Coding, Classification and Tabulation of Data, Mean, Mode, Median, Co-relation

Understanding Feminist Research - Concepts, Debates and Limitations.

Feminist Epistemology, Feminist Standpoint, Sexist and Non-Sexist Research Methodology, Ethnography, Queer Theories.

Research Design and Methods - Survey, Exploratory, Diagnostic, Experimental, Action Research and Case Studies. Qualitative verses Quantitative Research

Research Aptitude:-

Logical Reasoning. General Awareness, Coding, Decoding, Verbal/Non-Verbal Reasoning. Mental Ability, Blood Relation, Number problem, Numerical computation, English grammar, sentence completion, verbal analogies, word groups, instructions, data interpretation, critical reasoning and verbal deduction.

Subject:

· Introduction to Women's Studies

Key concepts in Gender studies.

Need, Scope and challenges of Women's Studies - Women's Studies as an academic discipline. Women's Studies to Gender Studies, Need for Gender Sensitization.

Women's Movements - global and local: Pre-independence, Post-independence and Contemporary Debates.

National Committees and Commissions for Women.

· Feminist thinkers and theories

Liberal Feminism, Marxist Feminism, Radical Feminism, Socialist Feminism, Indian Feminism, Black Feminism, Eco-Feminism.

New Feminist Debates- Post Colonial /Post Modern, LGBT, Masculinity Studies.

Contemporary Contestations - Intersex and Transgender Movements.

Feminist thinkers in 18th, 19th, 20h and 21st Century

· Gender and Education

Women's Education - Gender diversities and disparities in enrolment, Curriculum content, Dropouts, profession and Gender.

Gendered Education- Family, Culture, Gender roles, Gender Identities.

Education for the Marginalized Women.

Recent Trends in Women's Education - Committees and Commissions on Education.

Vocational education and skill Development for women.

· Women, Work and Employment

Theoretical Perspective: Fredrick Engels, Rosa Luxemburg, Sandra Whiteworth, Boserup Esther.

Concept of Work - Productive and non - productive work - Use value and market value.

Gender Division of Labour - Mode of Production Women in organized and unorganized sector.

New Economic Policy and its impact on Women's Employment - Globalization - Structural Adjustment Programs.

· Gender and Entrepreneurship

Concept and meaning, Importance of Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial traits, Factors contributing to Entrepreneurship, enabling environment, small Enterprises, women in agri-business.

Gender and emerging Technology - Impact.

Self-help Groups and Micro Credit.

Gender mainstreaming, Gender budgeting, planning and Analysis.

· Women and Health

Life Cycle Approach to Women's Health - Health status of women in India, factors influencing health and Nutritional status.

Maternal and Child Health (MCH) to Reproductive and Child health approaches.

Issues of declining Child Sex Ratio, Widowhood and old age.

Occupational and mental health.

Health, Hygiene and Sanitation.

National Health and Population Policies and Programmes.

· Women Empowerment and Development

Theories of Development, Alternative approaches - Women in Development (WID), Women and Development (WAD) and Gender and Development (GAD).

Empowerment- Concept and indices: Gender Development Index (GDI), Gender Inequality Index (GII), Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI).

Women Development approaches in Indian Five - Year Plans.

Women and leadership- Panchayati Raj and Role of NGOs and Women Development.

Sustainable Development Goals, Policies and Programmes.

· Women Law and Governance

Rights: Gender Equality, Gender Discrimination, Women's Rights as Human Rights.

Constitutional provisions for Women in India.

Personal laws, Labour Laws, Family Courts, Enforcement machinery - Police and Judiciary.

Crime against Women and Child: Child Abuse, Violence, Human Trafficking, Sexual Harassment at Workplace Act, 2013 - Legal protection

International Conventions and Legislations Related to Women's Rights.

· Gender and Media

Discourse on Women and Media Studies- Mainstream Media, Feminist Media.

Coverage of Women's issues and issues of women in Mass Media and Media Organizations (Audio-Visual and Print media).

Digital Media and legal protection.

Alternative Media - Folk Art, Street Play and Theatre.

Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986, Impact of media on women.

PSYCHOLOGY

The pre Ph.D. Course is divided in to two parts/papers Part-I/Paper-I deals basically with Research, Teaching aptitude, Reasoning, ICT and General Awareness.

The Part-II/Paper-II deals with the discipline of Psychology containing all major aspects of the discipline.

(The scheme of examination would be common for all Social Science Faculty students aspiring for Ph.D. in Banasthali Vidyapith)

Aptitude Test:

I. Teaching Aptitude

Ø Teaching : Nature, objectives, characteristics and basic requirements;

Ø Learner's characteristics;

Ø Factors affecting teaching;

Ø Methods of teaching;

Ø Teaching aids;

Ø Evaluation systems.

II. Research Aptitude

Ø Research : Meaning, Characteristics and types;

Ø Steps of research;

Ø Methods of research;

Ø Research Ethics;

Ø Paper, Article, Workshop, Seminar, Conference and Symposium;

Ø Thesis Writing : its characteristics and format.

III. Reading Comprehension

Ø A passage to be se with questions to be answered.

IV. Communication

Ø Communication : Nature, characteristics, types, barriers and effective classroom communication.

V. Reasoning (Including Mathematical)

Ø Number series; letter series; codes;

Ø Relationships; classification.

VI. Logical Reasoning

Ø Understanding the structure of arguments;

Ø Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning;

Ø Verbal analogies : Word analogy - Applied analogy;

Ø Verbal classification;

Ø Reasoning Logical Diagrams : Simple diagrammatic relationship, multi-diagrammatic relationship;

Ø Venn diagram; Analytical reasoning.

VII. Data Interpretation

Ø Sources, acquisition and interpretation of data;

Ø Quantitative and qualitative data;

Ø Graphical representation and mapping of data.

VIII. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Ø ICT : meaning, advantages, disadvantages and uses;

Ø General abbreviations and terminology;

Ø Basics of internet and e-mailing

IX. General Knowledge and Environment

Ø General awareness about surroundings

Ø People and environment interaction;

Ø Sources of pollution;

Ø Pollutants and heir impact on human life, exploitation of natural and energy resources;

Ø Natural hazards and mitigation.

X. Higher Education System : Governance, Polity And Administration

Ø Structure of the institution for higher and research in India; Formal and distance

Ø Education, professional/technical and general education; value education : governance,

Ø Polity and administration; concept, intuitions and their interactions.

Subject:

1. Emergence of Psychology

Psychological thought in some major Eastern Systems: Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism and Integral Yoga. Academic psychology in India: Pre-independence era; post-independence era; 1970s: The move to addressing social issues; 1980s: Indigenization; 1990s: Paradigmatic concerns, disciplinary identity crisis; 2000s: Emergence of Indian psychology in academia. Issues: The colonial encounter; Post colonialism and psychology; Lack of distinct disciplinary identity.

Western: Greek heritage, medieval period and modern period. Structuralism, Functionalism, Psychoanalytical, Gestalt, Behaviorism, Humanistic-Existential, Transpersonal, Cognitive revolution, Multiculturalism. Four founding paths of academic psychology - Wundt, Freud, James, Dilthey. Issues: Crisis in psychology due to strict adherence to experimental-analytical paradigm (logical empiricism). Indic influences on modern psychology.

Essential aspects of knowledge paradigms: Ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Paradigms of Western Psychology: Positivism, Post-Positivism, Critical perspective, Social Constructionism, Existential Phenomenology, and Co-operative Enquiry. Paradigmatic Controversies. Significant Indian paradigms on psychological knowledge: Yoga, Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism, and Integral Yoga. Science and spirituality (avidya and vidya). The primacy of self-knowledge in Indian psychology.

2. Research Methodology and Statistics

Research: Meaning, Purpose, and Dimensions.

Research problems, Variables and Operational Definitions, Hypothesis, Sampling.

Ethics in conducting and reporting research

Paradigms of research: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed methods approach

Methods of research: Observation, Survey [Interview, Questionnaires], Experimental, Quasi-experimental, Field studies, Cross-Cultural Studies, Phenomenology, Grounded theory, Focus groups, Narratives, Case studies, Ethnography

Statistics in Psychology: Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion. Normal Probability Curve. Parametric [t-test] and Non-parametric tests [Sign Test, Wilcoxon Signed rank test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman]. Power analysis. Effect size.

Correlational Analysis: Correlation [Product Moment, Rank Order], Partial correlation, multiple correlation.

Special Correlation Methods: Biserial, Point biserial, tetrachoric, phi coefficient.

Regression: Simple linear regression, Multiple regression.

Factor analysis: Assumptions, Methods, Rotation and Interpretation.

Experimental Designs: ANOVA [One-way, Factorial], Randomized Block Designs, Repeated Measures Design, Latin Square, Cohort studies, Time series, MANOVA, ANCOVA. Single-subject designs.

3. Psychological testing

Types of tests

Test construction: Item writing, item analysis

Test standardization: Reliability, validity and Norms

Areas of testing: Intelligence, creativity, neuropsychological tests, aptitude, Personality assessment, interest inventories

Attitude scales - Semantic differential, Staples, Likert scale.

Computer-based psychological testing

Applications of psychological testing in various settings: Clinical, Organizational and business, Education, Counseling, Military. Career guidance.

4. Biological basis of behavior

Sensory systems: General and specific sensations, receptors and processes

Neurons: Structure, functions, types, neural impulse, synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitters.

The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Structure and functions. Neuroplasticity.

Methods of Physiological Psychology: Invasive methods - Anatomical methods, degeneration techniques, lesion techniques, chemical methods, microelectrode studies. Non-invasive methods - EEG, Scanning methods.

Muscular and Glandular system: Types and functions

Biological basis of Motivation: Hunger, Thirst, Sleep and Sex.

Biological basis of emotion: The Limbic system, Hormonal regulation of behavior.

Genetics and behavior: Chromosomal anomalies; Nature-Nurture controversy [Twin studies and adoption studies]

5. Attention, Perception, Learning, Memory and Forgetting

Attention: Forms of attention, Models of attention

Perception:

Approaches to the Study of Perception: Gestalt and physiological approaches

Perceptual Organization: Gestalt, Figure and Ground, Law of Organization

Perceptual Constancy: Size, Shape, and Color; Illusions

Perception of Form, Depth and Movement

Role of motivation and learning in perception

Signal detection theory: Assumptions and applications

Subliminal perception and related factors, information processing approach to perception, culture and perception, perceptual styles, Pattern recognition, Ecological perspective on perception.

Learning Process:

Fundamental theories: Thorndike, Guthrie, Hull

Classical Conditioning: Procedure, phenomena and related issues

Instrumental learning: Phenomena, Paradigms and theoretical issues; Reinforcement: Basic variables and schedules; Behaviour modification and its applications

Cognitive approaches in learning: Latent learning, observational learning.

Verbal learning and Discrimination learning

Recent trends in learning: Neurophysiology of learning

Memory and Forgetting

Memory processes: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

Stages of memory: Sensory memory, Short-term memory (Working memory), Long-term Memory (Declarative - Episodic and Semantic; Procedural)

Theories of Forgetting: Interference, Retrieval Failure, Decay, Motivated forgetting

6. Thinking, Intelligence and Creativity

Theoretical perspectives on thought processes: Associationism, Gestalt, Information processing, Feature integration model

Concept formation: Rules, Types, and Strategies; Role of concepts in thinking Types of Reasoning

Language and thought

Problem solving: Type, Strategies, and Obstacles

Decision-making: Types and models

Metacognition: Metacognitive knowledge and Metacognitive regulation

Intelligence: Spearman; Thurstone; Jensen; Cattell; Gardner; Stenberg; Goleman; Das, Kar & Parrila

Creativity: Torrance, Getzels & Jackson, Guilford, Wallach & Kogan

Relationship between Intelligence and Creativity

7. Personality, Motivation, emotion, stress and coping

Determinants of personality: Biological and socio-cultural

Approaches to the study of personality: Psychoanalytical, Neo-Freudian, Social learning, Trait and Type, Cognitive, Humanistic, Existential, Transpersonal psychology.

Other theories: Rotter's Locus of Control, Seligman's Explanatory styles, Kohlberg's theory of Moral development.

Basic motivational concepts: Instincts, Needs, Drives, Arousal, Incentives, Motivational Cycle.

Approaches to the study of motivation: Psychoanalytical, Ethological, S-R Cognitive, Humanistic

Exploratory behavior and curiosity

Zuckerman's Sensation seeking

Achievement, Affiliation and Power

Motivational Competence

Self-regulation

Flow

Emotions: Physiological correlates

Theories of emotions: James-Lange, Canon-Bard, Schachter and Singer, Lazarus, Lindsley.

Emotion regulation

Conflicts: Sources and types

Stress and Coping: Concept, Models, Type A, B, C, D behaviors, Stress management strategies [Biofeedback, Music therapy, Breathing exercises, Progressive Muscular Relaxation, Guided Imagery, Mindfulness, Meditation, Yogasana, Stress Inoculation Training].

8. Social Psychology

Nature, scope and history of social psychology

Traditional theoretical perspectives: Field theory, Cognitive Dissonance, Sociobiology, Psychodynamic Approaches, Social Cognition.

Social perception [Communication, Attributions]; attitude and its change within cultural context; prosocial behavior

Group and Social influence [Social Facilitation; Social loafing]; Social influence [Conformity, Peer Pressure, Persuasion, Compliance, Obedience, Social Power, Reactance]. Aggression. Group dynamics, leadership style and effectiveness. Theories of intergroup relations [Minimal Group Experiment and Social Identity Theory, Relative Deprivation Theory, Realistic Conflict Theory, Balance Theories, Equity Theory, Social Exchange Theory]

Applied social psychology: Health, Environment and Law; Personal space, crowding, and territoriality.

9. Human Development and Interventions

Developmental processes: Nature, Principles, Factors in development, Stages of Development. Successful aging.

Theories of development: Psychoanalytical, Behavioristic, and Cognitive

Various aspects of development: Sensory-motor, cognitive, language, emotional, social and moral.

Psychopathology: Concept, Mental Status Examination, Classification, Causes

Psychotherapies: Psychoanalysis, Person-centered, Gestalt, Existential, Acceptance Commitment Therapy, Behavior therapy, REBT, CBT, MBCT, Play therapy, Positive psychotherapy, Transactional Analysis, Dialectic behavior therapy, Art therapy, Performing Art Therapy, Family therapy.

Applications of theories of motivation and learning in School

Factors in educational achievement

Teacher effectiveness

Guidance in schools: Needs, organizational set up and techniques

Counselling: Process, skills, and techniques

10. Emerging Areas

Issues of Gender, Poverty, Disability, and Migration: Cultural bias and discrimination. Stigma, Marginalization, and Social Suffering; Child Abuse and Domestic violence.

Peace psychology: Violence, non-violence, conflict resolution at macro level, role of media in conflict resolution.

Wellbeing and self-growth: Types of wellbeing [Hedonic and Eudemonic], Character strengths, Resilience and Post-Traumatic Growth.

Health: Health promoting and health compromising behaviors, Life style and Chronic diseases [Diabetes, Hypertension, Coronary Heart Disease], Psychoneuroimmunology [Cancer, HIV/AIDS]

Psychology and technology interface: Digital learning; Digital etiquette: Cyber bullying; Cyber pornography: Consumption, implications; Parental mediation of Digital Usage.

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE

Research Design & Methodology:

Unit-1 Definition and types of research, Steps in Research Process, Research Method: Historical Survey/Descriptive and Scientific with Ranganathan's Spiral of Scientific Method.

Unit-2 Data Collation Techniques: Documentary, Observation, Experimental, Questionnaire, Interview, Measurement of Central Tendency, Sampling. Data Analysis and Presentation.

Unit-3 Definition and Types of Research Design: Meaning, Definition and Testing of Hypothesis.

Unit-4 Report Writing: Organization of Reports, Table Presentation and Reporting, Reporting Format, Graphics in Report Presentation.

Unit-5 Bibliometric studies- Concept, Laws etc.

Subject:

Paper-I

Library Management and Academic Library System

Unit-1 Role of Academic Library in Higher Education in India. Role of UGC and State Government in promoting Academic Library (University, College and other Academic Institutes), Report of Committees and Commission and Higher Education.

Unit-2 Personnel Management- Overview of Personnel Management, Manpower Planning, HRD-Quality Improvement Programmes. UGC Service Condition and Pay Scales and Enhance the status of the Professionals.

Unit-3 Collection Development Policy: Weeding Policy. System analysis And Design: MIS, PERT/CPM, TQM.

Unit-4 Personnel Management and Organizational Behavior: Organizational Structure, Hierarchies, Authority and Delegation, Staffing, Understanding Human behavior etc., Group Behavior, MBO, MBE, Official Communication, Internal and External Co-ordination, Social Responsibility of Management.

Unit-5 INFLIBNET and resource sharing, Library Consortia System- UGC-INFONET etc., Document Delivery System.

Paper-II

Information Processing and Retrieval System

Unit-1 Knowledge Organization: Classification- Concept, Cannons, Schemes, Cataloguing- Codes, Cannons etc.

Unit-2 Information Retrieval System: Information Retrieval Process, Search Strategies, Common Command Language.

Unit-3 International Standards- ISBD, MARC, CCF etc.

Unit-4 Index and Indexing: Definition, Indexing System, PRECIS, POPSI, Special Types of Indexing: KWIC, KWOC etc. Citation Indexing, Indexing Language, Thesaurus.

Unit-5 Network and Networking: Concept of Networks, Major Networking System in India and abroad- NICNET, INFLIBNET, DELNET, EURONET, RLIN, OCLC.

Paper-III

Information Communication and Society

Unit-1 Information and its nature, property and scope. Comparative study of Data, Information and Knowledge.

Unit-2 Information Generation and Communication: communication process and media, generation of information modes and forms, information Theory, Information Transfer Cycle.

Unit-3 Information Communication System: Definition, Elements Barriers etc.

Unit-4 Information and Society: Social implication of information, Information as an Economic Resource, Information Policy: national and international, Information Society.

Unit-5 Intellectual Property Rights: Concepts, Copyright, Censorship.

Paper-IV

Information Sources, Systems and Services

Unit-1 Sources of Information: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary, Documentary & Non-documentary.

Unit-2 Physical Medium of Information, Print Media, Multimedia and Non-print media: Electronic and Optical Media.

Unit-3 Information Services: Literature Searches and Bibliographic Services, Reprographic Services, Translation Services, Reference and Referral Services etc.

Unit-4 Information Products: Information Newsletter, House Bulletin, In-house Communication, Trade Bulletin, State of Art Report, Technical Digest.

Unit-5 Library Associations in India, UK and USA: ILA, IASLIC, LA, ALA, IFLA etc. Study of Information Centers: NISCAIR, DESIDOC, AGRIS, INIS, MEDLARS etc.

Paper-V

Information Technology and Applications

Unit-1 Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Components, Impact of ICT.

Unit -2 Networking and Telecommunications: Definition, Types of Networking (LAN, WAN), Data Transmission and Communication, Protocols, Wireless Communication, Switching mechanism, Network Topology.

Unit-3 Internet and its Services: Origin and development, World Wibe Web, Search Engines.

Unit-4 Library Automation: Library house-keeping operations, Features of Standard Library Aotomation Software- SOUL, LibSys etc., Concept of Digital & Virtual Library.

Unit-5 Computerized Services: Current Awareness Services (CAS), Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI), Online Services, Document Delivery Services, CD-ROM & Electronic database products.

ENGLISH

Research Aptitude:

Unit-I Research Aptitude

Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism and Postpositivistic approach to research.
Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative and Quantitative methods.
Steps of Research.
Thesis and Article writing: Format and styles of referencing.
Application of ICT in research.
Research ethics.

Unit-II Comprehension and Communication

A passage of text be given. Questions be asked from the passage to be answered.
Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.
Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group communications, Classroom communication.
Barriers to effective communication.
Mass-Media and Society.

Unit-III, Logical Reasoning

Understanding the structure of arguments: argument forms, structure of categorical propositions, Mood and Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies, Uses of language, Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical square of opposition.
Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning.
Analogies.
Indian Logic: Means of knowledge.
Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana (Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension).
Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation), Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference).

Unit-IV Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

ICT: General abbreviations and terminology.
Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing.
Digital initiatives in higher education.
ICT and Governance.

Subject:

The test consists of multiple choice questions which include questions on research aptitude and reasoning ability and the questions from the subject.

The syllabus comprises the following areas of study:

1. Chaucer to Shakespeare

2. The Age of Milton

3. Jacobean, Caroline & Restoration Literature

4. Neo-classical Poetry, Prose & Fiction

5. Pre-romantic & Romantic Literature

6. Victorian Literature

7. The Pre-Raphaelites

8. Modern and Post Modern Literature

9. Literary Theory and Criticism from classical Age to the present.

10. Non-British Literatures in English and English Translation.

GERMAN

Research Aptitude:

Unit-I Research Aptitude

Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism and Postpositivistic approach to research.
Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative and Quantitative methods.
Steps of Research.
Thesis and Article writing: Format and styles of referencing.
Application of ICT in research.
Research ethics.

Unit-II Comprehension and Communication

A passage of text be given. Questions be asked from the passage to be answered.
Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.
Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group communications, Classroom communication.
Barriers to effective communication.
Mass-Media and Society.

Unit-III, Logical Reasoning

Understanding the structure of arguments: argument forms, structure of categorical propositions, Mood and Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies, Uses of language, Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical square of opposition.
Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning.
Analogies.
Indian Logic: Means of knowledge.
Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana (Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension).
Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation), Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference).

Unit-IV Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

ICT: General abbreviations and terminology.
Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing.
Digital initiatives in higher education.
ICT and Governance.

Subject:

1. Landeskunde der DACHL Länder.

2. Deutsche Literatur (Vom Anfang bis zur Gegenwart)

3. Redewendungen

4. Linguistik

5. Deutsche Grammatik

FRENCH

Research Aptitude:

Unit-I Research Aptitude

Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism and Postpositivistic approach to research.
Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative and Quantitative methods.
Steps of Research.
Thesis and Article writing: Format and styles of referencing.
Application of ICT in research.
Research ethics.

Unit-II Comprehension and Communication

A passage of text be given. Questions be asked from the passage to be answered.
Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.
Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group communications, Classroom communication.
Barriers to effective communication.
Mass-Media and Society.

Unit-III, Logical Reasoning

Understanding the structure of arguments: argument forms, structure of categorical propositions, Mood and Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies, Uses of language, Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical square of opposition.
Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning.
Analogies.
Indian Logic: Means of knowledge.
Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana (Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension).
Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation), Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference).

Unit-IV Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

ICT: General abbreviations and terminology.
Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing.
Digital initiatives in higher education.
ICT and Governance.

Subject:

The test will be conducted in French. Questions on French & Francophone literature, history, civilization and culture of France and Francophone countries, linguistics and language, translation and didactics of teaching a foreign language are some of the areas covered in the syllabus.

The syllabus is divided in 8 units.

Unit 1. Medieval to 18th Century French Literature

Medieval Literature, Renaissance, Classicism, Baroque, Enlightenment

Unit 2. 19th to 20th Century French Literature

Major literary movements: Realism, Romanticism, Symbolism, Surrealism, New Wave Novel, New Wave Theatre, Existentialism, Postmodernism, Women‟s Writing

Suggested reading

-- Littérature du Moyen Age/XVIème siècle (sous la dir.de H. Mitterand) Nathan, Collection Henri Mitterand, 1991.

- XVIIe siècle. Littérature textes et documents, (sous la dir.de C. Puzin) Nathan, Collection Henri Mitterand, 1991.

-Littérature : XVIIIe siècle, (sous la dir.de Jeanne Charpentier et al), Nathan, Collection Henri Mitterand, 1991.

-Littérature : XXe siècle (sous la dir.de Bernard Lecherbonnier), Collection Henri mitterrand, 1991

-Christine Albert, L'immigration dans le roman francophone contemporain, Editions Karthala, 2005 ;

-Michel Le Bris, Jean Rouad, Pour une littérature-monde, Editions Gallimard, 2007.

Unit 3. Francophone Postcolonial Literature

Major literary trends in Francophone literatures from the beginning to the present day

-Literatures from French-speaking Canada especially prominent works of

Gabrielle Roy
Hubert
Michel Trembley
Anne Hebert
Antonine Maillet
Monique Proulx
Kim Thuy

Literatures from the Asia-Pacific region especially prominent works of

Phan Van Ky
Lokenath Bhattacharya,
Thich Nhat Hanh
Shumona Sinha
Vijay Singh

Literatures from the Maghreb especially prominent works of

Kateb Yacine
Tahar Ben Jelloun
Rachid Boudjedra
Assia Djebar
Leila Sebbar

Literatures from the Indian Ocean region especially prominent works of

Ananda Devi
Natacha Appanah
Michèle Rokotosom
Jean-Luc Raharimanana
Alex Gauvin.

Literatures from Francophone Africa especially prominent works of

Léopold Sédar Senghor
Cheikh Hamidou Kane
Amadou Kourouma
Alain Mabanckou

Suggested reading

Littératures francophones d'Asie et du Pacifique, Anthologie, (Sous la dir. de Jean- Louis Joubert) Nathan-ACCT, 1997 ;

- Littératures francophones, Anthologie, (Sous la dir. de Jean-Louis Joubert) Nathan- ACCT,1992

Littérature francophone, (sous la dir. de Charles Bonn et al) Paris, Hatier - AUPELF/UREF,1997.

Unit 4. Translation Studies

The study of translation as an interdisciplinary field interfacing with other disciplines from Linguistics to Cultural Studies.

-Definitions of translation: Interlingual, intralingual and intersemiotic translation

-Translation / Interpretation

-Linguistic approaches to Translation

Interpretative Theory of Translation

- Concepts in translation such as adaptation, coherence, cohesion, context, emprunt, équivalence, faux ami, fidelity, procédés de traduction, processus de la traduction, surtraduction, sous traduction, sourcier, pragmatic text, unités de traduction etc.

-Study of terminology in various fields of science and technology

-Teaching of Translation

-Translation and ideology/ politics of translation

-To be able to recognize and use different „procédés de traduction‟ such as emprunt, calque,

Suggested reading

-A. G. Manry, Le Moyen Age, librairie Delagrave, édition 1959

-Eliane Gardaire, la France vous connaissez, Didier édition 1989

-Roger Brunet et al. La France, Librairie Larousse, édition 2001

Unit 6. Arts and Culture in France

General understanding of visual arts, music, fashion, cinema, sports, press and gastronomy

Suggested reading

-Jean-Michel Frodon, L'Âge moderne du cinéma français : De la Nouvelle Vague à nos jours, Flammarion, 1995

-Jean-Michel Frodon, Le Cinéma français, de la Nouvelle Vague à nos jours, Paris, Cahiers du cinéma, 2010

-Patrick Rambourg, Histoire de la cuisine et de la gastronomie françaises, Paris, Éditions Perrin, coll. « Tempus »

-Richard Le Menn, Les petits-maîtres de la mode, XIIe-XXIe siècle, Editions Richard Le- Menn, 2016.

-André Chastel, Introduction à l'histoire de l'art français, Editions Flammarion, 2008

-Claude Gauvard et al. Une histoire de France, Presses Universitaires de France, 2015.

-Pierre Deslais, La France, Géographie et histoire curieuses, Editions Ouest-France, 2015.

-Mathieu Jean-Luc, L'Union Européenne, PUF, coll. Que sais-je?, 2008 (8e edition)

Unit 7: Linguistics

-To be able to understand the basic linguistic concepts such as langue and Parole, code and message, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relation, linguistic competence and performance.

-Specific characteristics of human language

-to be able to describe language through synchronic and/or diachronic perspective

-Nature of the linguistic sign

-Difference between Phonetics and Phonology

-Classification of speech sounds into consonants, vowels and semi-vowels

- Syllable and Rythme groups

-Morphology and syntax in French language

-language varieties and registers

-Identification of different functions of language ( Jakobson)

-Pragmatics: Speech acts, Performative verbs

- Discourse analysis, coherence and cohesion

Suggested reading

-Christian Puren, Histoire des méthodologies de l'enseignement des langues, Nathan, CLE International, Paris, 1998.

-De Carlo Maddelena, L'Interculturel, CLE International, Paris, 1998.

-Evelyne Berard, L'approche communicative, Théorie et pratiques, CLE International, Paris,1991.

-Evelyne Rosen (eds.), L'approche actionnelle et l'approche par les tâches en classede langue, CLE international, Paris, 2009.

- Un Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les Langues : Apprendre, Enseigner,Evaluer. Conseil de l‟Europe, Division des politiques linguistiques, Strasbourg. 2000.

संस्कृत

शोध अभिवृत्ति:

शोध : अर्थ, प्रकार और विशेषताएं, प्रत्यक्षवाद एवं उत्तर-प्रत्यक्षवाद शोध के उपागम।
शोध पद्धतियां : प्रयोगात्मक, विवरणात्मक, ऐतिहासिक, गुणात्मक एवं मात्रात्मक।
शोध के चरण।
शोध प्रबन्ध एवं आलेख लेखन: फार्मेट और सन्दर्भ की शैली।
शोध में आई सी टी का अनुप्रयोग।
शोध नैतिकता।

विषय:

संस्कृत साहित्य एवं इतिहास:

वैदिक साहित्य का इतिहास - संहिता, ब्राह्मण आरण्यक, उपनिषद्, वेदांग- शिक्षा, कल्प, व्याकरण, निरूक्त, छन्द एवं ज्योतिष।

प्राचीन एवं आधुनिक साहित्य -

(भाग क) महाकाव्यकाल, महाकाव्यों का उद्भव एवं विकास, नाटकों का उद्भव एवं विकास, गीति काव्य का उद्भव एवं विकास, गद्य काव्य का उद्भव एवं विकास।

पद्य काव्य - रामायण, महाभारत, लघुत्रयी - कुमारसंभवम्, रघुवंषम्, मेघदूतम् ब्रहत्रयी- नैषधीयचरितम्, किरातार्जुनीयम्, शिशुपालवधम्, गांधिगौरवम् का सामान्य परिचय।

कथा साहित्य - कादम्बरी, दशकुमारचरित, पंचतंत्र, शिवराजविजय का सामान्य परिचय।

(भाग-ख) छन्द एवं अलंकार -

छन्द - अनुष्टुप्, इन्द्रवज्रा, उपजाति, वंशस्थ, द्रुतविलम्बित, भुजंगप्रयात, वसन्ततिलका, मालिनी, मन्दाक्रान्ता, शिखरिणी, हरिणी, शार्दूलविक्रीड़ित, स्रग्धरा, आर्या, रथोद्धता, प्रहर्षिणी, पुष्पिताग्रा, वियोगिनी, पथ्यावक्त्र ।

अलंकार - अनुप्रास, श्लेष, वक्रोक्ति, उपमा, रुपक, उत्प्रेक्षा, समासोक्ति, अपहृति, निदर्शना, अर्थान्तरन्यास, दृष्टान्त, विभावना, विशेषोक्ति, संकर, संसृष्टि, प्रतीप, दीपक, काव्यलिंग।

दर्शन: सामान्य अध्ययनः

भारतीय दर्शन का परिचय - चार्वाक्, जैन, बौद्ध, सांख्य, योग, न्याय, वैशेषिक, मीमांसा, वेदान्त

दर्शन ग्रन्थ - सांख्यकारिका, तर्कभाषा, अर्थसंग्रह, वेदान्तसार, सर्वदर्शनसंग्रह-जैनमत-बौद्धमत का सामान्य अध्ययन।

पुराण एवं स्मृतियाँ (सामान्य अध्ययन):

अष्टादश पुराण, याज्ञवलक्य स्मृति, मनुस्मृति, पाराशर स्मृति।

भाषा विज्ञान:

भाषा की परिभाषा, भाषाओं का वर्गीकरण (आकृतिमूलक एवं पारिवारिक)।
ध्वनि परिर्वतन के कारण, ध्वनि नियम (ग्रिम, ग्रासमान, वर्नर)।
अर्थपरिवर्तन की दिशाएं तथा कारण।
भारोपीय भाषा परिवार का सामान्य एवं संक्षिप्त परिचय।

संस्कृत व्याकरण:

भाग - अ

समास लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी के अनुसार।
स्त्रीप्रत्यय, कृदन्त एवं तद्धित प्रकरण लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी के अनुसार।
तिङन्त प्रकरण लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी के अनुसार।
कारक सिद्धान्तकौमुदी के अनुसार।

भाग - ब

प्रक्रिया भाग, णिजन्त से लकारार्थ प्रकरण तक, लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी के अनुसार।

साहित्यशास्त्र:

काव्यप्रकाश - प्रथम से दशम उल्लास (सप्तम उल्लास - रसदोष प्रकरण)
वक्रोक्तिजीवितम् (प्रथम उन्मेष)
काव्यमीमांसा (1 से 5 अध्याय)
रसगंगाधर (प्रथम आनन - रसनिरूपण पर्यन्त)
ध्वन्यालोक (प्रथम उद्योत)
साहित्यदर्पण - काव्य की परिभाषा एंव अन्य काव्यपरिभाषाओं का खण्डन, शब्दशक्ति, संकेतग्रह, अभिधा, लक्षणा, व्यंजना, रस (रसभेद स्थायी भावों सहित) एवं षष्ठ परिच्छेद।

नाट्य एवं नाट्यशास्त्र:

नाट्य - अभिज्ञानशाकुन्तलम, उत्तररामचरितम्, वेणीसंहार, विक्रमोर्वशीयम, मालविकाग्निमित्रम्, महावीरचरितम्, मृच्छकटिकम्, मुद्राराक्षसम्, मालतीमाधवम् स्वप्नवासवदत्तम्, रत्नावली का सामान्य परिचय।
नाट्यशास्त्र - भरत नाट्यशास्त्र (प्रथम, द्वितीय तथा षष्ठ अध्याय)

Philosophy

Ø INDIAN PHILOSOPHY

CLASSICAL INDIAN: EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS

1.Vedic and Upaniscadic: Rta - the cosmic order, the centrality of the institution of yajna (sacrifice), theories of creation Atman - Self (and not - self), Jagrat, Svapna, Susupti and turiya, Brahman.

2.Carvaka :Pratyaksa as the only pramana, critique of anumana and sabda, Consciousness as epi-phenomenon..

3. Jainism: Concept of reality - sat, dravya, guna, paryaya, Jiva, ajiva, anekantavada, syadvada and nayavada; theory of knowledge.

4. Buddhism: Four Noble Truths, Astangika Marga, Distinction between Brahminic and Sraminic traditions. Pratityasamutpada, ksanabhahgavada, anatmavada. Schools of Buddhism: Vaibhasika, Sautrnatika, Yogacara, Madhyamika and Tibetan Buddhism.

5. Nyaya: Prama and aprama, Theories of pramana: pratyaksa, anumana, upamana, sabda. Hetvabhasa. Concept of God. Debate between Buddhism and Nyaya about Pramana-Vyavastha and Pramana Samplava.

6. Vaisesika : Concept of padartha and its kinds, Asatkaryavada, Kinds of Karana: samavayi, asamavayi, and nimittakarana, paramanukaranavada.

7.Samkhya :Satkaryavada, prakrti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of prakrti, nature of purucsa, arguments for the existence and plurality of purucsa, relationship between purusa and prakrti, atheism.

8.Yoga: Patanjali's Theory of Pramana, concept of citta and citta - vrtti, stages of citt-bhumi, the role of God in Yoga.

9. Purva - Mimamsa:Pramanyavada: Svatah-pramanyavda and Paratah-pramanyavada, Sruti and its importance, classification of sruti-vakyas, vidhi, niscedha and arthavada, dharma, bhavana, sabda-nityavada, Jati, saktivada; Kumarila and Prabhakara Schools of Mimamsa and their major points of difference, triputi - samvit, jnatata, abhava and anupalabdhi, anvitadbhidhanavada, abhihitanvayavada, Theories of error: Akhyati, Viparitakhyati, atheism.

10. Vedanta:Advaita : Brahman, relation between Brahman and Atman, three grades of satta, Adhyasa, maya, Jiva, Vivartavada, Anirvachniya-khyati.

Visistadvaita : Saguna Brahman, refutation of maya, aprthaksiddhiparinamavada, Jiva, bhakti and prapatti, Brahma- Parinamavada, Sat-khyati.

Dvaita : Rejection of nirguna brahman and maya, bheda and saksi, bhakti.

Dvaitavaita: Concept of Jnanaswaroop, kinds of inanimate

Sudhadvaita: Concept of Avikrta-parinamavada.

Ø indian ethics

Concept of Purusharth, Shreyas and Preyas,varnashram, religion, ordinary religion, Concept of debt and sacrifice, duty,Karmayoga, Sthitaprajna, Swadharma, Lok Sangrah, unique and invisible,means to end, responsibility,Laws of Karma, Ethical Implications, Truth and Truth

Yoga-Kshem

Ø ModernWestern Philosophy:

Descartes : Conception of method, Criteria of truth, doubt and methodological scepticism, cogito ergo sum, innate ideas, Cartesian dualism: mind and matter, proofs for the existence of God, interactionism.
Spinoza: Substance, Attribute and Mode, the concept of 'God or Nature', Intellectual love of God, parallelism, pantheism, three orders of knowing.
Leibnitz: Monadology, truths of reason and fact, innateness of ideas, proofs for the existence of God, principles of non - contradiction, sufficient reason and identity of indiscernibles, the doctrine of pre-established harmony, problem of freedom.
Locke: Ideas and their classification, refutation of innate ideas, theory of substance, distinction between primary and secondary qualities, theory of knowledge, three grades of knowledge.
Berkeley:Rejection of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, immaterialism, critique of abstract ideas, esseest percipi, the problem of solipcism; God and self.
Hume: Impressions and ideas, knowledge concerning relations of ideas and knowledge concerning matters of fact, induction and causality, the external world and the self, personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, scepticism, reason and the passions.
Kant: The critical philosophy, classification of judgements, possibility of synthetic a priori judgements, the Copernican revolution, forms of sensibility, categories of understanding, the metaphysical and the transcendenta deduction of the categories, phenomenon and noumenon, the Ideas of Reason - soul, God and world as a whole. rejection of speculative metaphysics.
Hegel :The conception of Geist (spirit), the dialectical method, concepts of being, non-being and becoming, absoluteidealism, Freedom.

दर्शनशास्त्र

Ø भारतीय दर्शनशास्त्र

भारतीयशास्त्रीय: ज्ञानमीमांसा और तत्वमीमांसा.

1. वैदिक और उपनिषदिक: ऋत - ब्रह्मांडीय व्यवस्था, यज्ञ संस्था की केंद्रीयता, सृजन के सिद्धांत, आत्मा - स्व (और स्वयं नहीं), जाग्रत, स्वप्न, सुषुप्ति और तुरीय, ब्राह्मण

2. चार्वाक: प्रत्यक्ष एकमात्र प्रमाण के रूप में, अनुमान और शब्द की आलोचना, चेतना महाकाव्य घटना के रूप में।

3. जैनधर्म: वास्तविकता की अवधारणा - सत्, द्रव्य, गुण, पर्यय, जीव, अजीव, अनेकान्तवाद, स्याद्वाद और नयवाद; ज्ञान का सिद्धांत।

4. बौद्ध धर्म: चार आर्य सत्य, अष्टांगिक मार्ग, ब्राह्मण और श्रमिक परंपराओं के बीच अंतर। प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद, क्षणभंगुरवाद, अनात्मवाद। बौद्ध धर्म के स्कूल: वैभासिका, सौत्रनाटिका, योगाचार, मध्यमिका और तिब्बती बौद्ध धर्म।

5. न्याय: प्रमा और अप्रमा, प्रमाण के सिद्धांत: प्रत्यक्ष, अनुमान, उपमान, शब्द। हेत्वभास, ईश्वर की अवधारणा. प्रमाण-व्यवस्था और प्रमाण के बारे में बौद्ध धर्म और न्याय के बीच बहस।

6. वैशेषिक: पदार्थ की अवधारणा और उसके प्रकार, असत्कार्यवाद, करण के प्रकार: समवायी, असमवायी, और निमित्त करण, परमानुकरणवाद।

7. सांख्य: सत्कार्यवाद, प्रकृति और उसके विकास, प्रकृति के अस्तित्व के लिए तर्क, पुरुष की प्रकृति, पुरुष के अस्तित्व और बहुलता के लिए तर्क, पुरुष और प्रकृति के बीच संबंध, नास्तिकता।

8. योग: पतंजलि का प्रमाण सिद्धांत, चित्त और चित्त-वृत्ति की अवधारणा, चित्त-भूमि के चरण, योग में भगवान की भूमिका।

9. पूर्व - मीमांसा: प्रामाण्यवाद: स्वतः-प्रामाण्यवाद और परतः-प्रमाण्यवाद, श्रुति और उसका महत्व, श्रुति-वाक्य का वर्गीकरण, विधि, निःसंदेह और अर्थवाद, धर्म, भावना, शब्द-नित्यवाद, जाति, शक्तिवाद; मीमांसा के कुमारिला और प्रभाकर स्कूल और उनके अंतर के प्रमुख बिंदु, त्रिपुटी - संवित्, ज्ञाता, अभाव और अनुपलब्धि, अन्विताद्भिधनवाद, अभिहितान्वयवाद, त्रुटि के सिद्धांत: आख्याति, विपरीतख्याति, नास्तिकता।

10. वेदांत:अद्वैत: ब्रह्म, ब्रह्म और आत्मा के बीच संबंध, सत्ता के तीन ग्रेड, अध्यास, माया, जीव, विवर्तवाद, अनिर्वचनीय-ख्याति।विशिष्टाद्वैत: सगुण ब्रह्म, माया का खंडन, अप्रथकसिद्धि परिनामवाद, जीव, भक्ति और प्रपत्ति, ब्रह्म-परिनामवाद, सत्-ख्याति।द्वैत: निर्गुण ब्रह्म और माया, भेद और साक्षी, भक्ति की अस्वीकृति।द्वैतवैत: ज्ञानस्वरूप की अवधारणा, निर्जीव के प्रकारसुधाद्वैत: अविकृत-परिनामवाद की अवधारणा।

Ø भारतीय नीतिशास्त्र

पुरुषार्थ, श्रेयस तथा प्रेयस की अवधारणावर्णाश्रम, धर्म, साधारण धर्मऋण तथा यज्ञ, कर्त्तव्य की अवधारणाकर्मयोग, स्थितप्रज्ञ, स्वधर्म, लोकसंग्रह अपूर्व तथा अदृष्टसाध्य-साधन, इतिकर्त्तव्यताकर्म के नियम, नीतिपरक निहितार्थऋत और सत्ययोग-क्षेम

Ø आधुनिक पश्चिमी दर्शन:

डेसकार्टेस: विधि की अवधारणा, सत्य के मानदंड, संदेह और पद्धति संबंधी संशयवाद, कोगिटो एर्गो योग, जन्मजात विचार, कार्टेशियन द्वैतवाद: मन और पदार्थ, ईश्वर के अस्तित्व के प्रमाण, अंतःक्रियावाद।

स्पिनोज़ा: पदार्थ, गुण और विधा, 'ईश्वर या प्रकृति' की अवधारणा, ईश्वर के प्रति बौद्धिक प्रेम, समानता, सर्वेश्वरवाद, जानने के तीन क्रम।

लीबनिट्ज़: मोनोडोलॉजी, कारण और तथ्य की सच्चाई, विचारों की सहजता, ईश्वर के अस्तित्व के प्रमाण, गैर-विरोधाभास के सिद्धांत, पर्याप्त कारण और अविभाज्य की पहचान, पूर्व-स्थापित सद्भाव का सिद्धांत, स्वतंत्रता की समस्या।

लॉक: विचार और उनका वर्गीकरण, जन्मजात विचारों का खंडन, पदार्थ का सिद्धांत, प्राथमिक और माध्यमिक गुणों के बीच अंतर, ज्ञान का सिद्धांत, ज्ञान के तीन ग्रेड।

बर्कले: प्राथमिक और माध्यमिक गुणों के बीच अंतर की अस्वीकृति, अभौतिकवाद, अमूर्त विचारों की आलोचना, एस्से इस्ट पर्सिपी, एकांतवाद की समस्या; ईश्वर और स्वयं.

ह्यूम: प्रभाव और विचार, विचारों के संबंधों से संबंधित ज्ञान और तथ्य, प्रेरण और कारणता, बाहरी दुनिया और स्वयं, व्यक्तिगत पहचान, तत्वमीमांसा की अस्वीकृति, संशयवाद, कारण और जुनून के मामलों से संबंधित ज्ञान।

कांट: आलोचनात्मक दर्शन, निर्णयों का वर्गीकरण, सिंथेटिक प्राथमिक निर्णयों की संभावना, कोपरनिकन क्रांति, संवेदनशीलता के रूप, समझ की श्रेणियां, श्रेणियों, घटनाओं और संज्ञाओं की आध्यात्मिक और पारलौकिक कटौती, कारण के विचार - आत्मा, ईश्वर और समग्र रूप से संसार। सट्टा तत्वमीमांसा की अस्वीकृति.

हेगेल: गीस्ट (आत्मा) की अवधारणा, द्वंद्वात्मक पद्धति, अस्तित्व, गैर-अस्तित्व और बनने की अवधारणाएं, निरपेक्ष, आदर्शवाद, स्वतंत्रता.

हिन्दी

1. शोध प्रविधि एवं तर्क शक्ति परीक्षण:

शोध अभिज्ञता
शि़क्षण अभिज्ञता
सामान्य बुद्धि एवं तर्क शक्ति

विषय:

2. हिन्दी भाषा और उसका विकास

अपभ्रंश (अवहट्ट सहित) और पुरानी हिन्दी का सम्बन्ध, काव्यभाषा के रूप में अवधी का उदय और विकास, काव्य भाषा के रूप में ब्रजभाषा का उदय और विकास, साहित्यिक हिन्दी के रूप में खड़ी बोली का उदय और विकास, मानक हिन्दी का भाषा वैज्ञानिक विवरण, हिन्दी की बोलियाँ - वर्गीकरण तथा क्षेत्र, नागरी लिपि का विकास और उसका मानकीकरण।
हिन्दी प्रसार के आन्दोलन, प्रमुख व्यक्तियों तथा संस्थाओं का योगदान, राजभाषा के रूप में हिन्दी।
हिन्दी भाषा - प्रयोग के विविध रूप-बोली, मानक भाषा, सम्पर्क भाषा, राजभाषा और राष्ट्रभाषा, संचार माध्यम और हिन्दी।

3. हिन्दी साहित्य का इतिहास

हिन्दी साहित्य का इतिहास-दर्शन, हिन्दी साहित्य के इतिहास-लेखन की पद्धतियाँ।
हिन्दी साहित्य के प्रमुख इतिहास ग्रन्थ, हिन्दी के प्रमुख साहित्यिक केन्द्र, संस्थाएँ एवं पत्र-पत्रिकाएँ, हिन्दी साहित्य के इतिहास का काल विभाजन और नामकरण।
आदिकाल - रासो-साहित्य, आदिकालीन हिन्दी का जैन साहित्य, सिद्ध और नाथ साहित्य, आरम्भिक गद्य तथा लौकिक साहित्य।
मध्यकाल - भक्ति आन्दोलन के उदय के सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक कारण, प्रमुख निर्गुण एवं सगुण सम्प्रदाय, आलवार सन्त, प्रमुख सम्प्रदाय और आचार्य।
हिन्दी संत काव्य - सन्त काव्य का वैचारिक आधार, प्रमुख निर्गुण सन्त कवि कबीर, नानक, दादू, रैदास, सन्त काव्य की प्रमुख विशेषताएँ, भारतीय धर्म साधना में सन्त कवियों का स्थान।
हिन्दी सूफी काव्य - सूफी काव्य का वैचारिक आधार, हिन्दी के प्रमुख सूफी कवि और काव्य-मुल्ला दाऊद, कुतुबन, मंझन (मधुमालती), मलिक मुहम्मद जायसी, सूफी प्रेमाख्यानकों का स्वरूप, हिन्दी सूफी काव्य की प्रमुख विशेषताएँ।
हिन्दी कृष्ण काव्य - विविध सम्प्रदाय, प्रमुख कृष्ण-भक्त कवि और काव्य-अष्टछाप, मीरा एवं रसखान।
हिन्दी राम काव्य - विविध सम्प्रदाय, राम भक्ति शाखा के कवि और काव्य, तुलसीदास की प्रमुख कृतियाँ।
रीति काल - सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक परिप्रेक्ष्य, रीतिकाव्य के मूल स्रोत, रीतिकाल की प्रमुख प्रवृत्तियाँ, रीतिकाल के प्रमुख कवि: केशवदास, मतिराम, भूषण, बिहारीलाल, देव, घनानन्द और पद्माकर।
आधुनिक काल - हिन्दी गद्य का उद्भव और विकास, भारतेन्दु पूर्व हिन्दी गद्य, 1857 की राज्य क्रान्ति और सांस्कृतिक पुनर्जागरण, भारतेन्दु और उनका मण्डल, 19वीं शताब्दी के उत्तरार्द्ध की हिन्दी पत्रकारिता।
द्विवेदी युग - महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी और उनका युग, हिन्दी नवजागरण और सरस्वती, राष्ट्रीय काव्यधारा के प्रमुख कवि।
छायावाद और उसके बाद - छायावादी काव्य की प्रमुख विशेषताएँ, छायावाद के प्रमुख कविः प्रसाद, निराला, पन्त और महादेवी, उत्तर छायावादी काव्य और उसके प्रमुख कवि, प्रगतिशील काव्य और उसके प्रमुख कवि, प्रयोगवाद और नई कविता, नई कविता के प्रमुख कवि।

4. हिन्दी साहित्य की गद्य विधाएँ

हिन्दी उपन्यास - प्रेमचन्द पूर्व उपन्यास, प्रेमचन्द और उनका युग, प्रेमचन्द के परवर्ती प्रमुख उपन्यासकार: जैनेन्द्र, अज्ञेय, हजारीप्रसाद द्विवेदी, यशपाल, अमृतलाल नागर, फणीश्वरनाथ रेणु, भीष्म साहनी, कृष्णा सोबती, निर्मल वर्मा, नरेश मेहता, श्रीलाल शुक्ल, राही मासूम रजा, रांगेय राघव, मन्नू भण्डारी।
हिन्दी कहानी - बीसवीं सदी की हिन्दी कहानी और प्रमुख कहानी आन्दोलन।
हिन्दी नाटक - हिन्दी नाटक और रंगमंच, विकास के चरण।
हिन्दी निबन्ध - हिन्दी निबंध के प्रकार और प्रमुख निबन्धकार।
हिन्दी आलोचना - हिन्दी आलोचना का विकास और प्रमुख आलोचक।
हिन्दी की अन्य गद्य विधाएँ - रेखाचित्र, संस्मरण, यात्रा-साहित्य, आत्मकथा, जीवनी और रिपोर्ताज।
हिन्दी का प्रवासी साहित्य - अवधारणा व प्रमुख साहित्यकार

5. काव्यशास्त्र और आलोचना

भरत मुनि का रस सूत्र और उसके प्रमुख व्याख्याकार।
रस के अवयव।
साधारणीकरण।
रीति सम्प्रदाय।
अलंकार सम्प्रदाय।
ध्वनि सम्प्रदाय।
वक्रोक्ति सम्प्रदाय।
शब्द शक्तियाँ।
प्लेटो और अरस्तू के काव्य सि़द्धान्त।
टी. एस. इलियट: निर्वेक्तिक्ता का सि़द्धान्त।
आई. ए. रिचर्ड्स: मूल्य सि़द्धान्त।
मिथक, फन्तासी, कल्पना, प्रतीक और बिम्ब।
मार्क्सवाद , मनोविश्लेषणवाद , अस्तित्ववाद।
स्वच्छन्तावाद और यथार्थवाद, संरचनावाद, उत्तर संरचनावाद, आधुनिकता, उत्तर आधुनिकता।
समकालीन आलोचना की कतिपय अवधारणाएं - विडम्बना (आयरनी), अजनबीपन (एलियनेशन), विसंगति (एब्सर्ड), अन्तर्विरोध (पैराडॉक्स), विखण्डन (डीकन्स्ट्रक्शन)।
साहित्यिक पत्रकारिता।
समकालीन विमर्श।

JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION

Research Aptitude: Definition & Meaning of research; types of research; Research problem; Research Methodology ; Research Design: Sample Design Measurement & Scaling Technique; Primary and secondary data, methods of data collection; Methods of Data Collection; Processing and analysis of Data; Sampling Fundamentals; Testing of Hypothesis; Chi-Square Test; Analysis of Variance and Co-Variance; Non-Parametric & Distribution Free test; Multi Variant Analysis. Thesis writing: acknowledgement, tables and figures, footnotes, appendices, bibliography and references, writing for publication, ethics in research.

Subject:

Journalism and Mass Communication: Mass Communication Theories; Media Laws & Ethics: Print Media: Reporting, writing , Editing & Layout Design ; Radio & Television Journalism ; New Media Journalism ; History of Media & Press Laws; Public Relations & Corporate Communication; Advertising; Film Studies/Film Appreciation; Communication Research; Development Communication; Sports Reporting & Journalism; Travel & Tourism Journalism; Health Communication; Law, Order & Crime Journalism; Environment Journalism; Principles & Ethics of Journalism; Science Communication; Agriculture Journalism .

GEOGRAPHY

Research Methodology:

Definition, objectives and importance of research.

Research: Meaning, characteristics and types; Steps of research; Methods of research; Research Ethics; Paper, article, workshop, seminar, conference and symposium.

Research problem, reviews, variables, hypotheses and its testing, sampling and sampling methods, research design.

Primary and secondary data, methods and tools of data collection, scaling techniques, projective techniques

Format style of writing: Thesis and research papers writing: their characteristics and format, bibliography and references.

Data analysis: tabular and graphical presentation of data.

Application of Computer in research.

Descriptive statistics, Normal probability curve, dispersion, probability, parametric and non parametric test, tests of significance, significance of difference between means - t- test, Z- test, analysis of variance, Correlation, Chi - square test, F test, Kurtosis, Skewness.

Subject:

1. Geographical Thought: General character of geographic knowledge during the ancient and medieval period; foundations of modern geography; Determinism, Possibilism and Neo determinism; Areal differentiation and Spatial organization; Quantitative revolution, Behaivourlism and Radicalism.

2. Geomorphology : Fundamental concepts; Origin of the earth, Geological time scale, Plate tectonics, Diastrophism; Interior of the earth , Rocks; Concept of geomorphic cycle; Earthquake and Volcanism, Weathering, Erosion, Mass wasting, Landforms associated with Fluvial, Glacial, Arid, Coastal and Karst process.

3. Climatology: Composition and structure of the atmosphere; Insolation, Heat budget of the earth; Distribution of temperature; Atmospheric pressure and General circulation of winds; Monsoon and Jet stream; Humidity, Condensation and Precipitation; Hydrological Cycle, Air-masses and Fronts; Cyclones and Anti cyclones; Classification of world climates; Koppen's and Thornthwaite's schemes.

4. Oceanography: Hypsometric curve, Ocean bottom relief of Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean; Temperature, Salinity and Density of the oceanic water; Circulation of oceanic water; Ocean deposits; Coral reefs, El Nino and La Nino.

5. Environment and Bio-Geography: Ecology and Ecosystem; Food-chain; Food-web; Energy flow, Gaseous and Sedimentary cycle; Environmental degradation and pollution; Conservation and management of environment.

Soil types, Soil profile and distribution of major soils; World distribution of plants and animal, Major biomes of the world.

6. Population Geography: Density, distribution, and growth of world population; Patterns and processes of migration, General law's of migration; Demographic transition, population problems and policies.

7. Settlement Geography: Origin, Site, Situation, Types, Size, Spacing and Internal morphology of rural and urban settlement; Urbanization, Functional classification of cities; Umland; Conurbaration; Primate city; Christaller's Central place theory; Theories of Hoyet, Burgess, Ullman and Harris; Rural-Urban fringe; Slums.

8. Agriculture Geography: Factors affecting agriculture, Major crops- cereal and cash crops, Livestock Ranching, commercial dairy farming; Viticulture, Horticulture, Sericulture, Apiculture, Whittlesey's classification of agriculture, Green Revolution, Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; Crop combination and diversification; Von Thunen's Model.

9. Economic Geography: Sectors of Economy: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Quaternary; Classification, degradation and conservation of natural resources.

10. Industrial Geography: Classification of industries, manufacturing industries; Weber's and Losch's approaches; Resource based and footloose industries; Major industrial regions of world.

11. Transport and Trade Geography: Modes of transportation and transportation cost: Accessibility and Connectivity; Types of trade; Major organizations of trade (WTO, SAARC, ASIAN, European Union, OPEC, NAFTA).

12. Political Geography: Concept of Geopolitics, Geo-politic of Indian Ocean, State and Nation, Boundaries and frontiers; Buffer zones; Concept of Core area and Fedrelism, Heartland and Rimland theories.

13. Social and Cultural Geography: Ethnicity; dialect; language; caste and religion; Races: Distribution and criteria for classification according to Griffth Taylor, Habitat, Socio-economic environment of major Tribal Groups (Masai, Eskimos, Khirgis, Bushman, Pigmies), Concept of social well being.

14. Regional Planning: Concept of Region, Delineation of Region; Types of regions; Concept of Planning; Need of regional planning; Regional planning in India; Indicators of development, Regional Imbalances.

15. Geography of India: Physiographic divisions; Drainage system, Climate, Soil and Vegetations, Agriculture, Major Minerals and Power resources, major industries and industrial regions; Demographic structure, Major tribes (Naga, Bhil, Meena, Gujjar&Bakarwal, Santhal, Toda).

16. Cartography: Tools and techniques of cartography; Map projection, Types of maps: Qualitative and Quantitative, Representation of statistical data (Graphs and Diagrams) and flow maps, profiles.

17. Statistical Methods: Data source and types of data, Frequency distribution; Measures of central tendency; Measures of dispersion and concentration, Simple and Multiple correlation; Regression; Nearest-neighbour analysis; Sampling techniques for Geographical analysis.

18. Aerial Photographs and Remote Sensing : Nature and Types of Aerial Photographs; scale determination, Identification and interpretation of aerial photographs; Introduction of Remote sensing; Sensors; Satallites; Development of remote sensing in India; Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global positioning system (GPS).

GEOLOGY

Research Methodology:

Definition, objectives and importance of research.

Research: Meaning, characteristics and types; Steps of research; Methods of research; Research Ethics; Paper, article, workshop, seminar, conference and symposium.

Research problem, reviews, variables, hypotheses, sampling and sampling methods, research design.

Primary and secondary data, methods of data collection.

Formal style of writing: Thesis and research papers writing: their characteristics and format, bibliography and references.

Data analysis: tabular and graphical presentation of data.

Application of Computer in research.

Subject:

1. Geotectonics and Structural Geology: Concept of dip and strike of beds. Clinometer compass and its uses. Folds: description and classification of folds. Causes of folding. Faults: Nomenclature, classification of faults and causes of faulting. Joints: geometric classification. Unconformity: its types and significance. Overlap and offlap. Outlier and inlier. Nappe. Introduction and tectonic framework of Earth crust. Convection currents and Wilson Cycle. Introduction to plate tectonics and types of plate boundaries. Tectonic features of extensional, compressional and strike-slip terrain. Continental drift theories. Concept of Sea floor spreading. Palaeomagnetism. Hotspots and mantle plumes. Tectonic activity within Indian Plates. Himalayan Orogeny. Mechanical properties of rocks. Concept of stress and strain. Behavior of material under stress. Theory of rock failure. Elastic and Plastic behavior of rock. Brittle and Ductile deformation. Dynamics of Folding. Classification and Mechanism of Folding and Faulting. Recognition criteria of faulting. Beta and pi diagrams. Unconformities: types, formation and significance in stratigraphic correlation. Joints: classification, criteria for recognition and tectonic significance. Concept and types of Lineation, Foliations, Cleavages and their significance. Boudinage structures.

2. Physical Geology and Plate Tectonics: Introduction to geology, its scope, sub disciplines and relationship with other branches of science. Earth in the solar system, origin, size, shape, mass, density, rotational and revolution parameters. Internal constitution of the Earth. Age of the Earth. Introduction to minerals, rocks and fossils. Origin of oceans, continents and mountains. Types of mountains. Geosynclines. Theory of Isostasy. Geological Time-scale. Major events in the Earth's history. Introduction to plate tectonics, types of plates and plate boundaries. Elementary ideas of continental drift and sea floor spreading. Introduction to craton, shields, trenches, mid-oceanic ridges and island arc. Earthquake: introduction and terminology, seismic waves, causes, magnitude, intensity and types of Earthquake, locating epicenter. Effects of Earthquakes and distribution of Earthquake belts. Seismic zones of India. Case studies of important Earthquakes of India. Volcano: introduction, terminology, types, volcanic products, causes & effects and distribution of important volcanic belts. Relationship of Earthquakes with volcanic belts. Impact craters, morphology and their formation stages.

3. Mineralogy and Crystallography: Mineral: definition and chemical principles of minerals. Isomorphism and Polymorphism, Exsolution and Solid solution. Physical properties of mineral. Light: interaction of light and matter and polarization of light. Behaviour of isotropic and anisotropic minerals in polarized light. Refractive Index. Double refraction and birefringence. Sign of elongation. Interference figures. Extinction and its types. Relief and Pleochroism. Twinning. Accessory Plates.Silicates: structure and classification. A detailed study of the following important minerals with reference to structural formulae, crystal structure, chemistry, physical and optical properties and mode of occurence. Silicates: Olivine, Garnet, Melilite, Kyanite, Andalusite, Sillimanite, Beryl, Pyroxene, Amphibole, Serpentine, Mica, Kaolinite, Chlorite, Talc, Feldspar, Cordierite. Non-silicates: Calcite, Aragonite, Dolomite, Apatite, Monazite, Gypsum, Anhydrite, Barite, Spinel, Hematite, Rutile, Bauxite, Periclase. Crystal, definition. Elementary idea of crystal structure. Parts of crystal- face, edge, apex, solid angle and interfacial angle. Crystallographic axes and angles. Parameters and indices. Elements of crystal symmetry. Common crystal forms - dome, prism, pyramid and pinacoid. Introduction to different crystals systems.

4. Ore Genesis, Economic and Fuel Geology: Ore deposits and ore minerals. Magmatic processes of mineralization. Prophyry, skarn and hydrothermal mineralization. Fluid inclusion studies. Mineralization associated with (a) ultramafic, mafic and acidic rocks (b) greenstone belts (c) submarine volcanism (d) komatites, anorthosites and kimberlites. Stratiform and stratabound ores. Occurrence and distribution of metalliferous deposits of India: iron, manganese, aluminium, chromium, gold, silver, nickel, molybdenum, lead, zinc, copper, tungsten. Indian deposits of non-metals: mica, asbestos, barytes, gypsum, graphite. Minerals used in different industries: fertilizer, paint, ceramic and cement industries. Definition, origin and types of coal. Mode of occurrences and structures in coal seam. Coal petrography. Stratigraphy of coal measures. Indian coal deposits. Industrial application of coal petrology. Coal bed methane- a new energy resource. Origin, composition, migration and entrapment of natural hydrocarbons. Properties of source and reservoir rocks. Porosity and permeability. Reservoir traps: structural, stratigraphic and combination traps. Geographical and geological distributions of onshore and offshore petroliferous basins of India.Mineralogy and geochemistry of radioactive minerals. Distribution of radioactive minerals in India. Radioactive waste management. Geological and geophysical methods of petroleum exploration.

5. Igneous Petrology: Magma- its nature and composition. Generation of magma. Factors controlling evolution of magma. Influence of volatiles and role of oxygen fugacity in magmatic crystallizations. Phase equilibrium studies of binary and ternary systems and their relations to magma genesis and crystallization. Magmatism in different tectonic settings. Major and minor elements in the crust. Normative minerals. Variation diagrams and discrimination diagrams. Forms, textures and structures of igneous rocks. IUGS classification of Igneous rocks: Plutonic, Volcanic and Hypabyssal. Petrology and petrogenesis of major igneous rock types giving Indian examples of ultramafic, basaltic, granitic, ophiolite, carbonatite, lamprophyres and layered mafic intrusions.

6. Sedimentary Petrology: Provenance and diagenesis of sediments. Sedimentary textures: definition, measurement and interpretation of grain size. Sedimentary structures. Palaeocurrent analysis. Trace fossils and stromatolites: classification and environment of deposition. Heavy mineral analysis. Field and laboratory techniques in sedimentology. Genesis and classification of sedimentary rocks: Siliciclastic rocks - conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, siltstone, clay stone and shale. Carbonate rock - limestone, dolomite, marl, evaporite, phosphorite, chert. Definition and classification of sedimentary basins. Sedimentary basins of India. Purpose and scope of basin analysis. Plate Tectonics and sedimentation. Sedimentary environment and facies modelling for marine, non-marine and mixed sediments.

7. Metamorphic Petrology: Metamorphism and metamorphic processes. Mineralogical phase rule of closed and open system and its application. Metamorphic Reactions. Reaction mechanisms and types. Evolution of facies concept, metamorphic facies series and concept of paired metamorphic belts. Metamorphic zones and Isograds. Metamorphic structures and textures. Replacement textures and reaction rims. Diagrammatic representation of mineral reactions and paragenesis: ACF, AKF, AFM diagrams. Progressive, regional and thermal metamorphism of pelitic, calcareous and basic igneous rocks. Charnockites. Experimental Petrology: methods and techniques, application of experimental petrology to anatexis and formation of granitic magmas. Geothermometer and Geobarometer. Pressure-Temperature-Time path models for metamorphism. Regional metamorphism in relation to the theory of Plate Tectonics. Ocean floor metamorphism.

8. Geophysics and Exploration Methods: Introduction to Geophysics. Shape and size of Earth. Gravitational field of the Earth. Variation of gravity on the Earth. Principles of gravity methods and instruments used. Gravity field surveys. Corrections applied to gravity data: Bouguer anomaly, Regional and residual anomalies, Gravity anomaly, anomaly maps and their interpretation.Geomagnetic field of the Earth. Magnetic properties of rocks. Principles of magnetic methods. Instruments of magnetic surveying. Fluxgate magnetometer. Proton-precision magnetometer. Alkali vapour magnetometer. Aeromagnetic surveys.Electrical methods: basic principles and various types of electrode configuration. Electrical and resistivity surveying. Field procedures: profiling and sounding. Seismic methods: principles and instruments used. Seismic velocity and interpretation of seismic data. Seismic refraction and reflection method. Well logging applications in petroleum, groundwater and mineral exploration.

9. Stratigraphy: History of stratigraphic nomenclature and the modern stratigraphic code. Stratigraphic classification. Sequence stratigraphy, magneto-stratigraphy and climate-stratigraphy. Geochronology. Graphic representation of stratigraphic data. Earth's climatic history.Early history of Earth. Nature and evolution of early crust. Evolution of granite, greenstone and grenulite belt. Proterozoic sedimentary basins of India: Cuddapah, Vindhyan and Bikaner-Nagaur basin.Stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic formations of India. Stratigraphy boundary problems in India: demarcation of Precambrian-Cambrian, Permian-Triassic, Cretaceous-Tertiary and Neogene-Quaternary boundaries in relation to mechanisms of extinction and evolution.

10. Palaeontology: Introduction and scope of Palaeontology. Concepts of taphonomy and biostratinomy. Fossils: definition and mode of preservation of fossils (body and trace fossils). Index fossils. Incompleteness of fossils record. Principles of palaeoecology. Theories on origin of life. Principles of biogeography. Patterns and causes of Extinction. Concept and mechanism of speciation. Modes of preservation of fossils. Collection, preservation and preparation of fossils. Fossil record and geological time scale. Evolution of Man, Horse and Elephant. Siwalik vertebrate fauna and Gondwana flora. Trace fossils. Morphology, geological and geographical distribution of the following fossil groups: Phylum Mollusca, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata, Cnidaria (Corals), Arthropoda (Class Trilobita), Hemichordata (Class Graptolothina). Definition and scope of micro-palaeontology. Techniques in micro-palaeontology. Morphotaxonomy of Foraminifera, Ostracodes, Conodonts and Radiolaria. Importance of microfossils in stratigraphy, determination of palaeoclimatic environments and sea level changes in the geological past and the role of micro-palaeontology in oil exploration.

11. Geochemistry and Isotope Geology: Introduction to Geochemistry: scope and history of Geochemistry. Origin of elements. Cosmic abundance of elements. Earth in relation to solar system and universe. Composition of Earth. Geochemical classification of elements. Principles of ionic substitutions in minerals. Definition and examples of transition elements, platinum group of elements, rare-earth elements, compatible elements, incompatible elements, high-field strength elements (HFSE), large ion lithophile elements (LILE).Trace elements: definition and trace element partitioning, factors governing values of partition coefficients (P,T, ionic size and charge, composition, crystal field effects). Application of trace elements in igneous rocks. Geochemistry of hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. Geochemical cycles: Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate and principles of geochemical prospecting. Meteorites: classification, mineralogy, chemical composition, origin, age and significance of meteorites.Introduction and physics of the nucleus. Radioactive decay. Law of radioactive decay. Principles of mass spectrometry. Radioactive decay scheme of Rb-Sr method, Sm-Nd method, K-Ar method, Ar-Ar method, U-Th-Pb method. Stable isotope geochemistry of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and sulphur.

12. Mining and Engineering Geology: Introduction: Definition, basic concepts, terminology, broad classification of mining methods. Geological factors considered for the selection of mining method viz.- Alluvial/Surface mining, Quarrying, Open-cast mining and Underground mining methods.Ore dressing and its importance, low grade ores and their beneficiation. Basic ore dressing operations viz. crushing, grinding, sizing, screening and classification. Concentration process, Magnetic and electrostatic separation, Gravity concentration, Froth Floatation, Amalgamation and Agglomeration. Engineering properties of rocks and physical characteristics of building stones, concretes and other aggregates. Geological and geotechnical investigations, types and problems of major civil engineering structures: dams and reservoirs, bridges, highways and tunnels. Mass movement with special emphasis on landslides and causes of hillslope instability. Seismic design of buildings.

13. Remote sensing and GIS: Remote Sensing: definition, principle and scope. Electromagnetic radiation- types and sources, Black body radiation. Absorption bands and Atmospheric windows. Interaction of EM radiation with Earth: Reflectance - Absorption - Emittance and Transmittance. Remote Sensing Sensor: types and their resolution. Scanners, Platforms. Active and passive systems. Types of Satellites. International Space missions: LANDSAT, SKYLAB, SPOT, SEASAT, IKONOS, OCEANSAT. Space research in India: Bhaskara and IRS series. Indian Planetary Missions.TIR remote sensing and its applications. Principles of microwave remote sensing and its applications. Radar interferometry. Multispectral and Hyperspectral remote sensing. Geographic positioning system (GPS): Introduction, definition and scope of GPS, advantages and uses of GPS in different fields. Fundamentals of digital image processing: Image rectification, Image enhancement and Image classification.Principles and application of geographic information system (GIS), introduction, definition and scope. Components of GIS (hardware and software requirement for GIS application). Maps: Maps and their different features/themes/layers, map projections-different types and their properties. Satellite Imageries: Raster and vector data and their relative merits, digitization, topology and their attributes, overlays and analysis. Database: definition and types of database. Advantages and disadvantages of database approach.

14. Geomorphology: Introduction to Geomorphology, fundamental concepts, geomorphic agents and processes. Fluvial geomorphic cycles. Weathering: types and weathering products. Soil: factors, soil profile and classification. Mass wasting and landslides. Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Geomorphic models of landscape evolution. Erosional and depositional landforms: fluvial, glacial, aeolian, coastal and karst landscape. Geomorphic mapping, slope analysis, drainage patterns and morphometric analysis: stream ordering, bifurcation ratio, drainage density. Geomorphology of India-Peninsular, extra peninsular and Indo-Gangetic Plain. Application of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering, hydrology and oil exploration.

15. Environmental Geology and Hydrogeology: Fundamental concepts of environmental Geology. Natural hazards: landslides, floods, earthquakes, volcanoes and water logging. Environmental aspects of natural resource development: water resources, mineral resources and fossil fuels. Pollution, their sources and types. Pollution of rivers, lakes and groundwater. Problem of Arsenic and fluoride and remedial measures for their treatment. Waste disposal practices and management. Waste water treatment. Watershed management. Artificial recharge of groundwater. Rain water harvesting. Groundwater: origin and age of groundwater. Hydrological cycle, Precipitation, Evapotranspiration and Infiltration. Vertical distribution of groundwater. Aquifers: Geologic formation as aquifers and types of aquifers. Saline water intrusion: Occurrence, sea water intrusion in coastal areas and control of saline water intrusion. Groundwater regimes in India. Groundwater exploration. Well hydraulics.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Research Methodology:

Definition, objectives and importance of research.

Research: Meaning, characteristics and types; Steps of research; Methods of research; Research Ethics; Paper, article, workshop, seminar, conference and symposium.

Research problem, reviews, variables, hypotheses, sampling and sampling methods, research design.

Primary and secondary data, methods of data collection.

Formal style of writing: Thesis and research papers writing: their characteristics and format, bibliography and references.

Data analysis: tabular and graphical presentation of data.

Application of Computer in research.

Subject:

Unit - I (General Environmental Science)

Definition, principles and scope of Environmental Science.

Earth, Man and Environment. Ecosystems, Pathways in Ecosystems.

Physico-chemical and Biological factors in the Environment.

Geographical classification and zones.

Structure and composition of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Scale of Meteorology, pressure, temperature, precipitation, humidity, radiation and wind. Atmospheric stability, inversions and mixing heights, windroses.

Natural resources, conservation and sustainable development.

Unit - II (Environmental Chemistry)

Stochiometry, Gibb's energy, Chemical potential, chemical equilibria, acid base reactions, solubility product, solubility of gases in water, the carbonate system, unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, radionuclides.

Chemical composition of Air: Classification of elements, chemical speciation. Particles, ions and radicals in the atmosphere. Chemical processes for formation of inorganic and organic particulate matter. Thermochemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Oxygen and ozone chemistry, Chemistry of air pollutants, Photochemical smog.

Water Chemistry: Chemistry of water, concept of DO, BOD, COD, sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, Redox potential.

Soil Chemistry: Inorganic and organic components of soil, Nitrogen pathways and NPK in soils.

Toxic Chemicals in the environment. Biochemical aspects of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Carbon Monoxide and PAN Pesticides, Insecticides, MIC, carcinogens in the air.

Hydrocarbons: Chemistry of hydrocarbon decay, environmental effects, effects on macro and micro organisms. Surfactants: Cationic, anionic and nonionic detergents, modified detergents.

Pesticides: Classification, degradation, analysis, pollution due to pesticides and DDT problems.

Synthetic Polymers: Microbial decomposition, polymer decay, ecological and consideration, Photosensitize additives.

Pollutant & their toxicology: Heavy metals and trace elements. agrochemicals (Pesticides, herbicides, rodenticides & fungicides, detergents) & particulate matter.

Principles of Analytical Methods: Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry, Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, GLC, HPLC, Electrophoresis, X - ray fluorescence, X - ray diffraction, Flame photometry, Centrifuge.

Unit - III (Ecology)

Definition, Principles and scope of ecology, Human ecology and Human settlement, Evolution, Origin of life and speciation.

Ecosystems:

Structure and functions, Abiotic and Biotic components, energy flows, Food chains, Food web, Ecological pyramids, types and diversity.

Ecological Succession, Population, Community ecology and Parasitism, Prey - predator relationships.

Common flora and fauna in India:

Aquatic: Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Macrophytes.

Terrestrial: Forests

Endangered and Threatened Species:

Biodiversity and its conservation: Definition, ‘Hotspot's of Biodiversity, Strategies for Biodiversity conservation. National Parks and Sanctuaries. Gene pool, Global climatic changes: Indicators and Theories

Microflora of Atmosphere: Air Sampling techniques. Identification of aeroallergens. Air - borne diseases and allergies.

Environmental Biotechnology: Fermentation Technology, Vermiculture technology, Biofertilizer technology. Phytoremediation for heavy metal pollution, Biosensor development to monitor pollution.

Unit - IV (Environmental Geosciences)

Geoscience: The earth systems and Biosphere: Conservation of matter in various geospheres - lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Energy budget of the earth. Earth's thermal environment and seasons. Ecosystems flow of energy and matter. Coexistence in communities-food webs., Earths'major ecosystems terrestrial and aquatic. General relationship between landscape, biomes and climate. Climates of India, Indian Monsoon, El Nino, Droughts. Tropical cyclones and Western Disturbances.

Earth's Processes and Geological Hazards: Earths processes; concept of residence, time and rates of natural cycles. Catastrophic geological hazards. Study of floods, landslides, earthquakes, volcanism and avalanche. Prediction and perception of the hazards and adjustments to hazardous activities.

Mineral Resources and Environment: Resources and Reserves, Minerals.and Population. Oceans as new areas for exploration of mineral resources. Ocean ore and recycling of resources. Environmental impact of exploitation, processing and smelting of minerals.

Water Resources and Environment: Global Water Balance. Ice sheets and fluctuations of sea levels. Origin and composition of seawater. Hydpological cycle. Factors influencing the surface water. Types of water. Resources of oceans. Ocean pollution by toxic wastes. Human use of surface and groundwaters. Groundwater pollution.

Landuse Planning: The landuse plan. Soil surveys in relation to landuse planning. Methods of site selection and evaluation.

Environmental Geochemistry: Concept of major, trace and REE. Classification of trace elements, Mobility of trace elements, Geochemical cycles. Biogeochemica! factors in environmental health. Human use, trace elements and health. Possible effects of imbalance of some trace elements.

Remote sensing: Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) - Properties, Interaction of EMR with the earth's surface and atmosphere. Principles of Remote sensing and its application of GIS in Environmental Management. GIS: Concept, Components and Application of GIS. Remote sensing in mapping Land use / land cover classification and monitoring,

Unit - V (Energy and Environment)

Sun as source of energy; solar radiation and its spectral characteristics; Fossil fuels-classification, composition, physico - chemical characteristics and energy content of coal, petroleum and natural gas. Principles of generation of hydroelectric power, tidal, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, wind, geothermal energy; solar collectors, photovoltaics, solar ponds; nuclear energy - fission and fusion; magnetohydrodynamic power, bio-energy-energy from biomass and biogas, anaerobic digestion; energy use pattern in different parts of the world.

Environmental implication of energy use; CO₂ emissions, global warming; air and thermal pollution; radioactive waste and radioactivity from nuclear reactors; impacts of large-scale exploitation of Solar, Wind, Hydro and Ocean energy.

Concept of energy, conventional & non-conventional energy sources. Fossil fuels, hydro, wind and nuclear power, geothermal, solar and bioenergy.

Energy flow in organisms, energy pathways & models, energy efficiencies, conservation of energy.

Unit - VI (Various components of Environment)

Air: Natural and anthropogenic sources of pollution. Primary and Secondary pollutants. Transport and diffusion of pollutants. Gas laws governing the behaviour of pollutants in the atmosphere. Methods of monitoring and control of air pollution SOz, NOx, CO, SPM. Effects of pollutants on human beings, plants, animals, materials and on climate. Acid Rain. Air Quality Standards. Vehicular pollution and urban air quality.

Water: Types, sources and consequences of water pollution. Physico - chemical and Bacteriological sampling and analysis of water quality. Standards, sewage and wastewater treatment and recycling, heavy metal pollution and its effect on human health.

Advanced waste water treatment, N-removal, P-removal, Advanced Biological Systems, Chemical oxidation, Removal of suspended solids, Dissolved solids, Indian standards for water and wastewater quality.

Soil: Physico - chemical as bacteriological sampling as analysis of soil quality. Soil Pollution Control. Industrial waste effluents and heavy metals, their interactions with soil components. Soil micro - organisms and their functions, degradation of different insecticides, fungicides and weedicides in soil. Different kinds of synthetic fertilizers ( NP & K ) and their interactions with different components of soil. Soil Erosion, Formation and reclamation of Usar, Alkaline and Saline Soil, Waste lands and their reclamation, Desertification and its control.

Noise: Sources of noise pollution, measurement of noise and Indices, effect of meteorological parameters on noise propagation. Noise exposure levels and standards. Noise control and abatement measures. Impact of noise on human health.

Marine : Sources of marine pollution and control. Criteria employed for disposal of pollutants in marine system-coastal management.

Radioactive and Thermal Pollution.

Unit - VII (Environmental impact assessment and Management)

Introduction to environmental impact analysis.

Environmental impact Statement and Environmental Management Plan, stages of environmental impact assessment.

EIA guidelines 1994, Notification of Government of India.

Impact Assessment Methodologies.

Generalized approach to impact analysis.

Procedure for reviewing Environmental impact analysis and statement, Preparation of EIA plan for industrial project and functions, managing the EIA process and Monitoring. Guidelines for Environmental audit

Introduction to Environmental planning.

Base line information and predictions (land, water, atmosphere, energy, etc.).

Restoration and rehabilitation technologies.

Landuse policy for India.

Urban planning for India.

Rural planning and landuse pattern.

Concept and strategies of sustainable development.

Environmental priorities in India and sustainable development.

Unit - VIII (Solid waste Management and Environmental laws)

Solid waste Management: Sources and generation of solid wastes, their characterization, chemical composition and classification. Different methods of disposal and management of solid wastes (Hospital Wastes and Hazardous Wastes) Recycling of waste material. Waste minimization technologies. Waste disposal, recycling and power generation, Fly ash utilization.

Landfill Planning and designing, Act and rules for Solid waste management.

Hazardous waste, types of hazardous waste and its classification, Management of hazardous wastes.

Biomedical waste and its management

Radioactive waste and pollution - concept, sources, types and possible hazardous of radioactive substances, measurement of radiation intensity.

Environmental Laws:

Hazardous Wastes Management and Handling Rules, 1989, Resource Management, Environment protection-issues and problems, International and National efforts for Environment Protection, Provision of Constitution of India regarding Environment (Article 48A and 58A). Sustainable development: Polluter Pay Principle, Precautionary Principle, Preventive Principle, Intergenerational Equity, Key elements of some International Declarations (Stockholm, Rio declaration, Agenda 21, Kyoto protocol on Climate Change)

National environmental Tribunal Act1995

The national Environmental Appellate Authority Act 1997

Public Policy Strategies in Pollution Control, Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 amended 1991, Forest Conservation Act, 1980, Indian Forests Act ( Revised ) 1982, Air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1981 as amended by Amendment Act, 1987 and Rule 1982, Motor Vehicle Act, 1988, The Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1974 as amended up to 1988 and Rules 1975, The Environment ( Protection ) Act, 1986 and Rules 1986.

Scheme of labelling of environmentally friendly products (Ecomark), Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and Rules 1991.

Unit - IX (Statistics and Environmental Models)

Basic elements and tools of statistical analysis; Probability, sampling, measurement and distribution of attributes; Distribution-Normal, t and x* Poisson and Binomial; Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic means; moments; matrices, simultaneous linear equations; tests of hypothesis and significance.w Elements in Research Methodology; Research Designs (CRD, RBD, LSD).

Introduction to environmental system analysis; Approaches to development of models; linear simple and multiple regression models, validation and forecasting. Models of population growth and interactions - Lotka - Volterra model, Leslie's matrix model, point source stream pollution model, box model, Gaussian plume model.

Unit - X (Environmental Education and Awareness)

Environmental Education and Awareness. Environmental Ethics and Global imperatives.

Global Environmental problems-ozone depletion, global warming and climatic change.

Current Environmental issue in India.

Context : Narmada Dam, Tehri Dam, Almetti Dam,

Water Crises-Conservation of water. Environmental Hazards.

Eutrophication and restoration of Indian lakes. Rain water harvesting. Wet lands conservation.

Epidemiological issues (e.g., Goitre, Fluorosis, Arsenic).

Disaster Management: Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation

Planning and control of Natural Disaster

National and State level planning for Hazard Mitigation

Role of Natural Disaster Management Authority

REMOTE SENSING

(a) Research Aptitude:

Definition of Research Problem, Identification of problems of regional and local level, Considerations in selection of problem, Research process, Review of literature, Research objectives, Hypothesis and models, Research scheme/design.

(b) Quantitative Techniques

Elementarily Statistics: Mean, Median, Mode, SD, Variance covariance, Z score, Conceptual hypothesis testing

Subject:

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR): EMR spectrum and its properties, wavelength regions, Indian Space programme Space based platforms (optical, infrared, thermal, microwave)

Fundamentals of aerial photography, Types of aerial photographs: Vertical and Oblique aerial photography,

Basic concepts of spatial information, GIS, Variables- Points, Arc/Lines, Polygon/Areas, geographical data, model and data input

Cartographic concepts, Type of maps, Topographic features, Map Scale and Map Projection

Basics of Global Positioning System,

Principles of computing, Computer system architecture -Basic computer organization, CPU, ALU, I/O Units, CU, Types of memory (RAM/ROM) Concepts about digital image and its characteristics, Spectral, Spatial, Radiometric and Temporal resolution, Visual vs. Digital methods, Image data storage and retrieval.

Applications in land and water resource, disaster management, urban and environmental planning.

LAW

Research Aptitude:

Meaning, Types, and Characteristics of Research
Positivism and Post positivistic approach to Research.
Meaning, scope and purpose of Legal Research
Methods of Research: Qualitative and Quantitative methods.
Steps of Research.
Research Design
Tools and Techniques for Collection of Data Primary and Secondary Sources
Scaling and Sampling Techniques
Data Analysis and Interpretation ,Use of Deductive and Inductive Methods in Research
Thesis and Article writing: Format and styles of referencing.
Application of ICT in research.
Database for Legal Research
Research ethics.

Subject:

1. Constitutional Law of India:

Preamble
Fundamental Rights and Duties.
Directive Principles of State Policy.
Judiciary
Executive
Union State Legislative Relations.
Emergency Provisions
Amendment of the Constitution.
Writ Jurisdiction

2. Legal Theory:

Nature and Sources of Law.
Positivism, Natural. Law Theory, Sociological Jurisprudence.
Theories of Punishment.
Rights and Duties.
Concepts of Possession and Ownership.

3. Public International Law:

Nature of International Law and its relationship with Municipal Law.
Sources of International Law.
Recognition of States and Governments.
United Nations
Settlement of International Disputes.
Human Rights

4. Family Law:

Concepts in Family Law.
Sources of Family Law in India.
Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage.

5. Law of Contracts: General Principles

Essentials of a valid contract.
Offer, acceptance and consideration.
Capacity to Contract:Minor's contract.
Elements vitiating contract:Mistake, fraud, misrepresentation, public policy, coercion, undue influence, frustration of contract.
Remedies for breach of contract:Damages.

6. Law of Torts:

Foundation of Tortuous Liability.
General Defences to an action of Torty.
Vicarious Liability
Remoteness of Damages.
Contributory Negligence
Absolute and Strict Liability.

7. Law of Crimes: General Principles

Nature and Definition of Offence.
General Exceptions
Common Intention and Common Object.
Criminal Attempt, Conspiracy and Abetment.
Offences against Women.

NURSING

A. Medical Surgical Nursing including Adult and Geriatric Nursing

Current trends in Adult Health Nursing and Geriatric Nursing Health Assessment investigation, diagnostic assessment and care of patients in hospital setting Management of patients with disorders of gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, blood, genito urinary system, endocrine system, Musculo - skeletal system, integumentary system, Eye & ENT, and reproductive system Health assessment, investigation, and diagnostic assessment. Treatment modalities, Nursing management and Evidence-Based Practice Rehabilitation and follow-up. Geriatric nursing- care settings for older adults, Physiological and Cognitive Aging, Health Problems, Health Assessment and Promotion Emergency, trauma critical care and multi system organ failure. Rehabilitation nursing

B. Obstetrics & Gynecological Nursing

Current trends and issues in Maternal Health Nursing
Normal Pregnancy, Labour and Puerperium & Nursing Management
Normal Newborn

• Family welfare services, Infertility and Menopause

• High risk pregnancy & Labour

Health assessment, investigation, and diagnostic assessment. Treatment modalities, Nursing management and Evidence-Based Practice Rehabilitation and follow-up.

C. Child Health Nursing

Current trends and issues in Child Health Nursing
Pre-natal Pediatrics and Growth & Development of children
Behavioral and Preventive Pediatrics
IMNCI (Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness) module
Neonatal, Pediatric Medical & Surgical Disorders
Health assessment, investigation, and diagnostic assessment. Treatment modalities, Nursing management and Evidence-Based Practice Rehabilitation and follow-up.

D. Community Health Nursing

Trends & Issues in Community Health Nursing Population dynamics and control
Epidemiology National Health and Family Welfare Programmes IMNCI (Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness) module Health assessment Nursing management and Evidence-Based Practice

E. Mental Health Nursing

Current trends and issues in Mental Health Nursing Stress Management and Therapeutic Communication & Interpersonal relationship Psychosocial and Physical Therapies Psychiatric disorders Substance related disorders Health assessment, investigation, and diagnostic assessment. Treatment modalities, Nursing management and Evidence-Based Practice Rehabilitation and follow-up.

F. Nursing theories

Overview of theory Importance of theory in Nursing Classification of theories in Nursing
Role of Nursing Theory In: Education , Research , Clinical Application of theory in patient care

G. Professional Ethics

Nursing Codes of Ethics Ethical principles of Nursing Practice Importance of ethics in Nursing Strategies to Enhance Ethical Decisions and Practice Specific Ethical Issues: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Abortion, Organ and Tissue Transplantation, End-of-Life Issues, Management of Personal Health Information

H. General Legal Concepts

Functions of the Law in Nursing, elements of malpractice and negligence, professional accountability Selected Legal Aspects of Nursing Practice: Informed Consent, Violence, Abuse, Controlled Substances use, The Impaired Nurse, Sexual Harassment, Abortions, Death and Related Issues Areas of Potential Liability in Nursing Crimes and Torts , Privacy of Clients' Health Information, Social Media, Loss of Client Property, Unprofessional Conduct.